1 00:02:16,040 --> 00:01:45,330 [Music] 2 00:02:19,430 --> 00:02:16,050 and good evening from Philadelphia Frank 3 00:02:21,370 --> 00:02:19,440 here with another episode of UFO news 4 00:02:25,910 --> 00:02:21,380 network Sunday tonight on a Monday night 5 00:02:27,650 --> 00:02:25,920 back-to-back shows and let's finish out 6 00:02:32,330 --> 00:02:27,660 the the back to back of the doubleheader 7 00:02:34,580 --> 00:02:32,340 by bringing in my co-host chant Hannah 8 00:02:37,930 --> 00:02:34,590 to introduce our special guest for 9 00:02:40,309 --> 00:02:37,940 tonight yes we do have a special guest 10 00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:40,319 Mark Dantonio has a degree in astronomy 11 00:02:46,070 --> 00:02:43,140 and his chief photo video analyst for 12 00:02:48,259 --> 00:02:46,080 the largest aerial anomaly orchid 13 00:02:51,470 --> 00:02:48,269 organization on earth he's the host of 14 00:02:53,509 --> 00:02:51,480 Sky Tour radio on kgr a radio and is the 15 00:02:56,420 --> 00:02:53,519 host and creator of Sky tour livestream 16 00:02:59,210 --> 00:02:56,430 on YouTube where people can go to watch 17 00:03:01,220 --> 00:02:59,220 live as beautiful deep night sky objects 18 00:03:03,770 --> 00:03:01,230 materialized before their eyes in mere 19 00:03:05,990 --> 00:03:03,780 seconds courtesy of very sensitive 20 00:03:08,809 --> 00:03:06,000 cameras and the sky tour Observatory 21 00:03:11,540 --> 00:03:08,819 research telescopes mark is the CEO of 22 00:03:13,610 --> 00:03:11,550 FX models a model making and visual 23 00:03:15,979 --> 00:03:13,620 special effects company specializing in 24 00:03:18,350 --> 00:03:15,989 digital physical models and organic 25 00:03:20,810 --> 00:03:18,360 special effects in the film industry he 26 00:03:22,819 --> 00:03:20,820 has an extensive work history in the 27 00:03:24,860 --> 00:03:22,829 film and television arena appearing 28 00:03:27,289 --> 00:03:24,870 regularly on a number of networks and 29 00:03:29,030 --> 00:03:27,299 television shows including NASA's 30 00:03:31,400 --> 00:03:29,040 unexplained files on the Discovery 31 00:03:31,789 --> 00:03:31,410 Channel and what on earth on the Science 32 00:03:33,979 --> 00:03:31,799 Channel 33 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:33,989 he is characterized as a voice of 34 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:36,810 science reason bashing basing his 35 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:38,970 discussions on the science we know with 36 00:03:42,979 --> 00:03:40,650 a little bit of speculation on his part 37 00:03:45,349 --> 00:03:42,989 his efforts creating the aerial anomaly 38 00:03:47,990 --> 00:03:45,359 detection system a remote system to 39 00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:48,000 detect any advanced propulsion at play 40 00:03:52,910 --> 00:03:50,640 in our local universe with Academy Award 41 00:03:54,380 --> 00:03:52,920 winner Douglas Trumbull will attempt to 42 00:03:56,599 --> 00:03:54,390 answer the questions of whether we are 43 00:03:58,430 --> 00:03:56,609 alone if extraterrestrial intelligence 44 00:04:00,800 --> 00:03:58,440 has managed to ply the vast gulf between 45 00:04:02,060 --> 00:04:00,810 the stars and reach us then science 46 00:04:04,759 --> 00:04:02,070 should be able to tell us 47 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:04,769 so such results will back up the stories 48 00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:06,810 we so often hear from those we have 49 00:04:09,229 --> 00:04:08,730 encountered something strange in our 50 00:04:11,810 --> 00:04:09,239 skies 51 00:04:13,490 --> 00:04:11,820 welcome mark how are you doing I'm doing 52 00:04:13,849 --> 00:04:13,500 great chancing thank you for having me 53 00:04:18,740 --> 00:04:13,859 on 54 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:18,750 you know actually yeah we have a really 55 00:04:23,300 --> 00:04:21,330 really long bio of you actually it's 56 00:04:23,780 --> 00:04:23,310 like a lot longer than that because you 57 00:04:25,160 --> 00:04:23,790 are 58 00:04:29,180 --> 00:04:25,170 just sew credentials you have so much 59 00:04:30,620 --> 00:04:29,190 experience in astronomy and more and you 60 00:04:32,750 --> 00:04:30,630 know we're just so thankful for you to 61 00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:32,760 be on our show and I also wanted to ask 62 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:35,940 you can you just share a little bit 63 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:38,970 about the u.s. so the unidentified 64 00:04:44,390 --> 00:04:42,450 submerged object sighting aboard the US 65 00:04:46,220 --> 00:04:44,400 Navy VAT a vessel while you were doing 66 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:46,230 engineer work for the Navy can you just 67 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:48,570 share a little bit about that yeah it 68 00:04:55,790 --> 00:04:52,410 was actually a several actually decades 69 00:04:56,900 --> 00:04:55,800 ago actually but you see that's actually 70 00:05:00,440 --> 00:04:56,910 an important piece of information 71 00:05:02,990 --> 00:05:00,450 because back then there were actually 72 00:05:06,230 --> 00:05:03,000 programs in place to apparently as I 73 00:05:09,320 --> 00:05:06,240 discovered track these unknowns that 74 00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:09,330 don't just occur in our skies but occur 75 00:05:14,300 --> 00:05:12,060 underwater as well we've heard of these 76 00:05:16,810 --> 00:05:14,310 before they as you as you said they're 77 00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:16,820 unknown submerged objects the u.s. owes 78 00:05:24,170 --> 00:05:20,940 and I'm a big UFO type hunting guy and I 79 00:05:27,830 --> 00:05:24,180 also as an astronomer my specialty that 80 00:05:30,500 --> 00:05:27,840 I've made in my specialty is exoplanets 81 00:05:34,070 --> 00:05:30,510 planets around other stars the reason I 82 00:05:37,610 --> 00:05:34,080 do that is because of my conviction that 83 00:05:41,380 --> 00:05:37,620 there's more life out there than anyone 84 00:05:47,180 --> 00:05:41,390 they you know really tries to figure out 85 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:47,190 actually tries to admit to and they may 86 00:05:50,930 --> 00:05:49,530 have made it here and when people say 87 00:05:52,550 --> 00:05:50,940 well how would they ever notice us for 88 00:05:56,480 --> 00:05:52,560 all these many stars and all these many 89 00:05:58,880 --> 00:05:56,490 planets well they would be here because 90 00:06:00,140 --> 00:05:58,890 of the oxygen in our atmosphere and 91 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:00,150 we'll talk about that later maybe if you 92 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:02,820 want to get into that but suffice it to 93 00:06:08,210 --> 00:06:05,970 say that I think they are here and when 94 00:06:12,260 --> 00:06:08,220 I was it was actually a submarine that I 95 00:06:15,350 --> 00:06:12,270 was at sea on for a bit of time thank 96 00:06:18,650 --> 00:06:15,360 you to the Navy they they said you know 97 00:06:21,110 --> 00:06:18,660 job well done on certain projects and 98 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:21,120 then I was able to negotiate a little 99 00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:25,050 ride and little did I know this ride was 100 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:28,440 going to be unbelievably productive when 101 00:06:34,070 --> 00:06:31,770 it comes to unknown objects and there 102 00:06:36,260 --> 00:06:34,080 was only one it was very very okay was 103 00:06:37,490 --> 00:06:36,270 there and it was gone but the the fact 104 00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:37,500 was that 105 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:39,660 I got seasick and so it was sort of the 106 00:06:44,750 --> 00:06:42,090 most fun I had ever getting seasick no 107 00:06:46,100 --> 00:06:44,760 being a border sub no inna and the 108 00:06:47,300 --> 00:06:46,110 reason I got sick was because the sub 109 00:06:50,060 --> 00:06:47,310 was on the surface for a good deal of 110 00:06:52,370 --> 00:06:50,070 time and then when it finally submerged 111 00:06:54,290 --> 00:06:52,380 then it feels like everyone listening to 112 00:06:56,320 --> 00:06:54,300 the show and you feel right now it you 113 00:06:58,340 --> 00:06:56,330 can't really detect any motion at all 114 00:07:00,040 --> 00:06:58,350 except when it turns when it turns 115 00:07:02,420 --> 00:07:00,050 there's a really weird feeling you get 116 00:07:04,490 --> 00:07:02,430 they Bank in the turns it's really kind 117 00:07:05,660 --> 00:07:04,500 of interesting and that's the only 118 00:07:09,980 --> 00:07:05,670 reason you know they're on something 119 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:09,990 it's actually moving but the the point 120 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:11,370 is when I was seasick 121 00:07:17,210 --> 00:07:13,530 I went over into the SONA area called 122 00:07:19,310 --> 00:07:17,220 the sonar Shack on the boat and I sat 123 00:07:20,900 --> 00:07:19,320 down in one of the empty sonar chairs at 124 00:07:23,420 --> 00:07:20,910 with the permission of course of the 125 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:23,430 sonar and call my stolen art kid it was 126 00:07:28,790 --> 00:07:25,170 a technician that was sitting in a sonar 127 00:07:30,890 --> 00:07:28,800 tech sitting at the console it was next 128 00:07:33,909 --> 00:07:30,900 to him and I just watched as he was 129 00:07:36,170 --> 00:07:33,919 looking at the sonar and doing his thing 130 00:07:38,060 --> 00:07:36,180 passive sonar not sending out ping 131 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:38,070 noises but just listening to what's 132 00:07:43,190 --> 00:07:41,490 going on and I was zoning out and as I 133 00:07:45,470 --> 00:07:43,200 was owning out because I was seasick I 134 00:07:49,100 --> 00:07:45,480 was trying to just deep breathe you know 135 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:49,110 get my stomach back to some level of you 136 00:07:52,940 --> 00:07:50,370 know being able to enjoy that there's 137 00:07:55,520 --> 00:07:52,950 this little cruise and all of a sudden 138 00:07:58,159 --> 00:07:55,530 I'm awakened by him calling the con the 139 00:08:00,650 --> 00:07:58,169 the command area and saying there's 140 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:00,660 something on the sonar you know and he 141 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:02,250 called it a fast mover that's how he 142 00:08:08,270 --> 00:08:05,610 characterized it and I was jolted kind 143 00:08:10,850 --> 00:08:08,280 of out of a semi translate a little bit 144 00:08:12,380 --> 00:08:10,860 I was relaxing thinking oh great I'm 145 00:08:14,240 --> 00:08:12,390 gonna be filled out here what is this a 146 00:08:16,820 --> 00:08:14,250 torpedo well it's somebody's shot at us 147 00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:16,830 what's going on I'm thinking I went for 148 00:08:23,659 --> 00:08:19,710 a ride I'm gonna die you know I was like 149 00:08:27,290 --> 00:08:23,669 man well it turned out that when I was 150 00:08:29,870 --> 00:08:27,300 uh when I was sitting in that chair the 151 00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:29,880 executive officer comes around and looks 152 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:32,130 down at the kid so what he got and the 153 00:08:36,529 --> 00:08:34,530 kid showed him and submarines are loud 154 00:08:39,110 --> 00:08:36,539 inside and I say this off and to make 155 00:08:40,820 --> 00:08:39,120 sure that people understand they're not 156 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:40,830 they're quiet yes they're the quietest 157 00:08:43,790 --> 00:08:42,210 things in the ocean the American 158 00:08:46,730 --> 00:08:43,800 submarines are the quietest boats in the 159 00:08:48,079 --> 00:08:46,740 entire ocean and but they're quiet in 160 00:08:48,680 --> 00:08:48,089 the outside on the inside it's a 161 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:48,690 different story 162 00:08:53,090 --> 00:08:51,600 you're all kinds of noises and 163 00:08:54,500 --> 00:08:53,100 and high-pressure air you hear people 164 00:08:58,130 --> 00:08:54,510 talking you hear motion you hear people 165 00:08:59,900 --> 00:08:58,140 walking and you and this is something 166 00:09:01,190 --> 00:08:59,910 that the submarines are known for that 167 00:09:03,500 --> 00:09:01,200 the sound just doesn't get out and 168 00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:03,510 that's the pride of the Navy so I'm 169 00:09:05,810 --> 00:09:04,680 sitting there and I'm kind of leaning on 170 00:09:08,210 --> 00:09:05,820 the edge of my seat I've actually got my 171 00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:08,220 butt on the very corner on the seat next 172 00:09:11,330 --> 00:09:10,050 to the sonar guy kind of stretching it 173 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:11,340 make it look like something you do every 174 00:09:17,870 --> 00:09:16,290 day until we hear organization I really 175 00:09:20,060 --> 00:09:17,880 probably looked really odd 176 00:09:22,460 --> 00:09:20,070 and I did not hear the bearing I did not 177 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:22,470 hear the range the bearing of the angle 178 00:09:26,390 --> 00:09:24,450 off the boat from that the object was 179 00:09:28,850 --> 00:09:26,400 traveling I didn't hear the range that 180 00:09:31,340 --> 00:09:28,860 the kid said he did give him a range but 181 00:09:35,420 --> 00:09:31,350 I did hear the speed he said the speed 182 00:09:38,690 --> 00:09:35,430 was several hundred knots now I'm 183 00:09:41,390 --> 00:09:38,700 sitting there thinking there's nothing 184 00:09:43,730 --> 00:09:41,400 that we have on earth that goes several 185 00:09:45,850 --> 00:09:43,740 hundred knots that can you convert that 186 00:09:49,130 --> 00:09:45,860 into miles an hour for the folks at home 187 00:09:55,850 --> 00:09:49,140 yeah well I'm not okay you know if you 188 00:09:59,600 --> 00:09:55,860 look at a knot let's see it's uh I get 189 00:10:03,250 --> 00:09:59,610 confused sometimes myself it's a unit 190 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:03,260 speed it's equal to let's see 191 00:10:13,190 --> 00:10:08,250 not one nautical mile per hour 192 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:13,200 I think it's 1.15 miles per hour 193 00:10:18,350 --> 00:10:16,290 okay so let's listen so you got a kind 194 00:10:20,030 --> 00:10:18,360 of a wide range let's just uh above are 195 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:20,040 several hundred miles an hour's really 196 00:10:23,660 --> 00:10:21,930 what the guys say that's correct 197 00:10:26,050 --> 00:10:23,670 several hundred knots is equivalent to 198 00:10:28,970 --> 00:10:26,060 several hundred plus miles an hour it's 199 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:28,980 1.15 miles per hour so and this is 200 00:10:33,740 --> 00:10:31,370 underwater not skimming along I like a 201 00:10:35,090 --> 00:10:33,750 hydroplane or a speedboats give me one 202 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:35,100 on tidal water that's correct 203 00:10:39,980 --> 00:10:37,290 whichever what kind of fast speed boat 204 00:10:43,250 --> 00:10:39,990 do on top maybe 180 200 maybe I'm 205 00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:43,260 guessing maybe those deep V's might go 206 00:10:46,730 --> 00:10:44,700 over that fast and I don't even know if 207 00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:46,740 they go that fast okay I think it 208 00:10:51,470 --> 00:10:48,540 actually slower than that but I could be 209 00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:51,480 wrong but those are really special 210 00:10:55,730 --> 00:10:54,330 circuits and and this is in the middle 211 00:11:00,020 --> 00:10:55,740 out in the Atlantic Ocean 212 00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:00,030 okay so there's really nothing that we 213 00:11:04,670 --> 00:11:01,470 have that goes that fast and this was 214 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:04,680 not a surface ship those are clear and 215 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:05,010 just 216 00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:07,890 from underwater targets and certainly 217 00:11:12,980 --> 00:11:09,630 not an aerial target you can hear a real 218 00:11:15,830 --> 00:11:12,990 target sometimes but you can't you know 219 00:11:18,350 --> 00:11:15,840 you can't mix those up you won't mix up 220 00:11:22,790 --> 00:11:18,360 a submerged target with a surface or an 221 00:11:28,130 --> 00:11:22,800 aerial target so you know out of your 222 00:11:29,810 --> 00:11:28,140 good sonar man and so this object was 223 00:11:33,260 --> 00:11:29,820 moving several hundred knots faster than 224 00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:33,270 anything we have on earth and the kid 225 00:11:36,710 --> 00:11:35,610 was just sort of like he's never seen 226 00:11:40,370 --> 00:11:36,720 anything like this he could tell by the 227 00:11:41,630 --> 00:11:40,380 I could see the exxon from the side it 228 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:41,640 was profile because he was looking at 229 00:11:45,050 --> 00:11:43,170 the XO the executive officer who was 230 00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:45,060 leaning over and looking at him I was 231 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:46,800 kind of leaning a little bit back to the 232 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:48,210 left to make it look like I wasn't 233 00:11:54,050 --> 00:11:52,410 listening okay but I was and the kid 234 00:11:55,550 --> 00:11:54,060 kind of motion like what do I do with 235 00:11:57,230 --> 00:11:55,560 this I mean in hear him say that but 236 00:12:00,380 --> 00:11:57,240 that's kind of what he implied with his 237 00:12:02,690 --> 00:12:00,390 body language and the executive officer 238 00:12:04,670 --> 00:12:02,700 nodded and said log it and Doggett and I 239 00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:04,680 heard the kids say sir yes sir and that 240 00:12:09,610 --> 00:12:07,500 was the end of that and I got up out of 241 00:12:12,830 --> 00:12:09,620 my chair seasickness was a forgotten 242 00:12:15,890 --> 00:12:12,840 problem now I was totally energized with 243 00:12:20,900 --> 00:12:15,900 adrenaline and I said I'm making up puke 244 00:12:22,790 --> 00:12:20,910 on this guy's shoes I am so he's already 245 00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:22,800 had enough going on for his day doesn't 246 00:12:30,020 --> 00:12:27,690 need you oh yeah SiC on him no and I'm 247 00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:30,030 this big shot you see I was asked to go 248 00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:32,370 on sub and you know they they said oh 249 00:12:38,180 --> 00:12:33,810 yeah you can go on for a ride wow that 250 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:38,190 must be a big shot right I should work 251 00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:40,170 for the Navy I'm a big shot now so I 252 00:12:45,290 --> 00:12:41,910 walk up to the XO mr. big shot here that 253 00:12:46,850 --> 00:12:45,300 I am and they say I'm familiar with 254 00:12:49,010 --> 00:12:46,860 these fast movers is there anything I 255 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:49,020 can help you with and he says Mr 256 00:12:52,070 --> 00:12:50,490 D'Antoni are you having a good trip yes 257 00:12:55,970 --> 00:12:52,080 sir I am he goes let's keep it that way 258 00:13:03,190 --> 00:12:55,980 I can just imagine me going from like 259 00:13:06,020 --> 00:13:03,200 five foot ten inches tall down to you so 260 00:13:09,380 --> 00:13:06,030 that's that's that's when I learned that 261 00:13:11,150 --> 00:13:09,390 it doesn't matter what you are capable 262 00:13:13,840 --> 00:13:11,160 of doing work wise for the Navy or what 263 00:13:16,490 --> 00:13:13,850 your level of say clearances or whatever 264 00:13:18,050 --> 00:13:16,500 if they don't want you to know they 265 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:18,060 don't have to tell you and 266 00:13:23,780 --> 00:13:19,770 I ran smack-dab into that that was the 267 00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:23,790 first time I ever ran into that and I 268 00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:27,060 was very energized by this so a few 269 00:13:31,970 --> 00:13:29,310 years later and never forgot this I mean 270 00:13:34,250 --> 00:13:31,980 I came back from that trip like wow I 271 00:13:36,050 --> 00:13:34,260 cannot believe this now you were already 272 00:13:38,660 --> 00:13:36,060 into the UFOs already but at this point 273 00:13:40,510 --> 00:13:38,670 though I was I was and that's the thing 274 00:13:42,500 --> 00:13:40,520 I was a member of the mutual UFO network 275 00:13:44,540 --> 00:13:42,510 for which chant that you said I'm the 276 00:13:46,940 --> 00:13:44,550 chief photon video analyst I was a 277 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:46,950 member of that in oh boy this is gonna 278 00:13:59,090 --> 00:13:52,530 really date me 1971 I joined in 1971 I 279 00:14:01,820 --> 00:13:59,100 was 11 when I get my first yeah I'm you 280 00:14:03,260 --> 00:14:01,830 fun you know UFO report yeah I think was 281 00:14:05,330 --> 00:14:03,270 for the Midwest UFO network at that 282 00:14:08,990 --> 00:14:05,340 point that's what it was titled and it 283 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:09,000 was a diddle paged purple inked you know 284 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:12,210 printed and copied or printed off form 285 00:14:18,050 --> 00:14:15,330 or whatever was diddle paper stapled 286 00:14:18,890 --> 00:14:18,060 pages and you know the first thing you 287 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:18,900 do with him you pull out of the envelope 288 00:14:25,940 --> 00:14:24,450 is just smell it oh cool and chain you 289 00:14:29,120 --> 00:14:25,950 don't remember that but sure Frank does 290 00:14:34,850 --> 00:14:29,130 oh yeah I remember I was I was 11 and 71 291 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:34,860 as well so the bottom line was um you 292 00:14:40,490 --> 00:14:37,170 know I've been in it since 71 and I was 293 00:14:45,290 --> 00:14:40,500 a field investigator starting off for 294 00:14:49,220 --> 00:14:45,300 many many well decades and then in 2008 295 00:14:52,130 --> 00:14:49,230 the MUFON director appointed me as the 296 00:14:54,050 --> 00:14:52,140 chief Odom video analyst which I I did a 297 00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:54,060 job because I wanted to the job it was 298 00:14:58,280 --> 00:14:54,480 great 299 00:15:01,970 --> 00:14:58,290 still is and so I knew something about 300 00:15:04,010 --> 00:15:01,980 UFOs yes and if you don't mind if I can 301 00:15:06,530 --> 00:15:04,020 jump in here real quick mark you're back 302 00:15:08,090 --> 00:15:06,540 in 71 what got you interested in the 303 00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:08,100 UFOs because I first got interested in 304 00:15:13,220 --> 00:15:11,130 73 when there was the big flap and the 305 00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:13,230 Pascagoula case we just had that Calvin 306 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:14,850 Parker on recently so that was a real 307 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:16,890 thrill for me but that came a couple 308 00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:19,410 years afterwards I don't remember too 309 00:15:26,180 --> 00:15:22,320 much about the UFOs before that so we do 310 00:15:29,330 --> 00:15:26,190 it all I met Calvin was it done Ozark 311 00:15:30,580 --> 00:15:29,340 was that April I met come earlier this 312 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:30,590 year yeah yeah 313 00:15:37,630 --> 00:15:34,850 it was a great guy and funny guy - I 314 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:37,640 mean he earth just says it like it is 315 00:15:42,670 --> 00:15:41,120 you know yeah we could all take a lesson 316 00:15:46,900 --> 00:15:42,680 from that humility that he shows you 317 00:15:49,270 --> 00:15:46,910 know and I really respect them that was 318 00:15:53,470 --> 00:15:49,280 a big deal with its day it was it was 319 00:15:55,870 --> 00:15:53,480 you know but what got me it was that I 320 00:15:57,310 --> 00:15:55,880 was nine all right and I just got 321 00:15:59,290 --> 00:15:57,320 another hospital after having major 322 00:16:01,420 --> 00:15:59,300 surgery I couldn't do anything I had to 323 00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:01,430 like just relax and sit I had to go to 324 00:16:09,340 --> 00:16:03,170 different school or I didn't have to 325 00:16:10,450 --> 00:16:09,350 climb stairs and so as a gift the chief 326 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:10,460 of the fire department in my hometown 327 00:16:15,070 --> 00:16:12,890 gave my parents the money to buy me a 328 00:16:18,610 --> 00:16:15,080 telescope because they said what he 329 00:16:20,950 --> 00:16:18,620 wanted a telescope now as a nine year 330 00:16:25,180 --> 00:16:20,960 without saying hey look in windows right 331 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:25,190 yeah it was actually an eye-opener 332 00:16:28,690 --> 00:16:27,170 because I when I pointed up at the sky 333 00:16:30,250 --> 00:16:28,700 started looking at the Stars and many 334 00:16:31,210 --> 00:16:30,260 clusters and how many more stars are 335 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:31,220 visible when you looked at it through a 336 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:34,370 telescope wow this is incredible 337 00:16:39,970 --> 00:16:38,090 and I realized right at age nine I knew 338 00:16:42,970 --> 00:16:39,980 then and there I'm gonna be an 339 00:16:44,620 --> 00:16:42,980 astronomer when I grow up and I follow 340 00:16:47,230 --> 00:16:44,630 through everything I did from that point 341 00:16:50,380 --> 00:16:47,240 forward no lie was like an obsessive I'm 342 00:16:52,030 --> 00:16:50,390 not OCD in any way that was an OCD thing 343 00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:52,040 and I became an astronomer I got my 344 00:16:58,420 --> 00:16:55,360 degree in it you know and I feel that 345 00:17:00,460 --> 00:16:58,430 astronomy is probably the one science 346 00:17:01,720 --> 00:17:00,470 where you have to learn a lot about the 347 00:17:03,820 --> 00:17:01,730 Earth's or earth science you have to 348 00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:03,830 learn about space you have to learn 349 00:17:08,980 --> 00:17:05,740 about physics of how it all works 350 00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:08,990 there's only so many other sciences that 351 00:17:15,490 --> 00:17:11,750 make up astronomy so I decided to just 352 00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:15,500 go for that whole nut and boy it made me 353 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:20,330 a nut but that's at age 9 I looked up 354 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:21,530 there and I looked in the sky and said 355 00:17:26,580 --> 00:17:24,530 wow here's what it was all these stars 356 00:17:29,230 --> 00:17:26,590 I'm learning about that I see up there I 357 00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:29,240 can't believe that the earth is the only 358 00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:32,690 place with his life why I mean I knew at 359 00:17:38,020 --> 00:17:34,850 age 9 because I I was a voracious reader 360 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:38,030 I get on my bike almost every day drive 361 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:41,810 my bike down to the library bring back 362 00:17:45,880 --> 00:17:43,970 the books I had and take out more 363 00:17:50,020 --> 00:17:45,890 on astronomy every book they had there I 364 00:17:52,270 --> 00:17:50,030 knew probably by I could actually tell 365 00:17:54,370 --> 00:17:52,280 you where in the book approximately 366 00:17:56,799 --> 00:17:54,380 certain topics were and I would take 367 00:17:59,529 --> 00:17:56,809 about this books over and over sometimes 368 00:18:00,370 --> 00:17:59,539 to read more sections I hated that had 369 00:18:04,870 --> 00:18:00,380 to bring him back in like three weeks 370 00:18:06,100 --> 00:18:04,880 like what three weeks you know so so at 371 00:18:07,360 --> 00:18:06,110 age nine I looked up in this guy and 372 00:18:08,740 --> 00:18:07,370 said there's got to be more than this 373 00:18:12,010 --> 00:18:08,750 there half that has to be life elsewhere 374 00:18:14,399 --> 00:18:12,020 and so of course we heard about UFOs we 375 00:18:17,950 --> 00:18:14,409 saw really bad science fiction shows 376 00:18:19,630 --> 00:18:17,960 really bad was all we had uh and I 377 00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:19,640 decided I was going to go and be an 378 00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:21,110 astronomer and I was gonna learn about 379 00:18:26,260 --> 00:18:24,799 life on other worlds and I tell you a 380 00:18:28,930 --> 00:18:26,270 funny story when I was getting my degree 381 00:18:32,799 --> 00:18:28,940 um I went into the chairman of my 382 00:18:34,450 --> 00:18:32,809 department and I said to him art I think 383 00:18:36,130 --> 00:18:34,460 that there's name is art I said I think 384 00:18:36,490 --> 00:18:36,140 that there's life in the universe beyond 385 00:18:38,799 --> 00:18:36,500 the earth 386 00:18:42,430 --> 00:18:38,809 big time I think there's many other 387 00:18:45,100 --> 00:18:42,440 civilizations out there and he says well 388 00:18:48,070 --> 00:18:45,110 mr. Dantonio what do you base this on 389 00:18:48,789 --> 00:18:48,080 and I said well look around I base it on 390 00:18:52,270 --> 00:18:48,799 our planet 391 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:52,280 you know we're carbon-based life carbon 392 00:18:57,789 --> 00:18:55,850 is like the one of the more abundant 393 00:18:59,470 --> 00:18:57,799 elements in the universe it can bond 394 00:19:01,720 --> 00:18:59,480 with the most things on planet earth and 395 00:19:05,260 --> 00:19:01,730 you know that we know of that's the most 396 00:19:07,539 --> 00:19:05,270 versatile atom and it's the progenitor 397 00:19:10,450 --> 00:19:07,549 of all the life on Earth I said why 398 00:19:12,909 --> 00:19:10,460 would this not be done elsewhere why 399 00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:12,919 should we be special no at that point I 400 00:19:17,620 --> 00:19:15,650 didn't I didn't say other things I was 401 00:19:19,870 --> 00:19:17,630 thinking which was that everything on 402 00:19:21,940 --> 00:19:19,880 earth is bilaterally symmetric that is 403 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:21,950 you know symmetric from left in the 404 00:19:26,230 --> 00:19:23,330 right you know we have two eyes we have 405 00:19:27,880 --> 00:19:26,240 two nostrils we have well you know we 406 00:19:29,260 --> 00:19:27,890 have other things that are symmetric on 407 00:19:31,590 --> 00:19:29,270 the outside the way we interact with our 408 00:19:34,360 --> 00:19:31,600 environment is all through a symmetric 409 00:19:36,399 --> 00:19:34,370 interaction the symmetric body okay 410 00:19:38,169 --> 00:19:36,409 starfish or symmetric you know they're 411 00:19:41,140 --> 00:19:38,179 they they show up in tama ism this is a 412 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:41,150 five-sided you know pentameter ism but 413 00:19:44,649 --> 00:19:42,770 as larvae when they're young they're 414 00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:44,659 actually bilaterally symmetric and they 415 00:19:49,180 --> 00:19:47,360 become pentamerous the animals later so 416 00:19:51,310 --> 00:19:49,190 which is kind of interesting if they go 417 00:19:53,500 --> 00:19:51,320 from this symmetry to the left and right 418 00:19:56,560 --> 00:19:53,510 through this five sided symmetry that we 419 00:19:57,370 --> 00:19:56,570 see really really wonderful stuff and 420 00:20:00,430 --> 00:19:57,380 and 421 00:20:02,980 --> 00:20:00,440 you know flowers radial symmetry of all 422 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:02,990 kinds I mean really impressive stuff and 423 00:20:08,590 --> 00:20:04,850 every life form on the planet has that 424 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:08,600 and I said to him you know without going 425 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:10,970 down the symmetry path I said because 426 00:20:15,340 --> 00:20:13,250 the carbon is so prevalent why is it 427 00:20:16,930 --> 00:20:15,350 that that it's so hard to believe that 428 00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:16,940 there's other life-forms out there based 429 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:20,510 on carbon and he looked at me and he 430 00:20:24,250 --> 00:20:22,850 kind of said nothing for a minute and he 431 00:20:28,780 --> 00:20:24,260 had this little look on his face like he 432 00:20:31,210 --> 00:20:28,790 was bored and he goes uh mr. Dantonio 433 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:31,220 get back Observatory and get back on 434 00:20:39,460 --> 00:20:33,290 your research project leave Captain Kirk 435 00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:39,470 to us you know what great man I will 436 00:20:45,460 --> 00:20:42,080 never say anything bad about him but at 437 00:20:47,890 --> 00:20:45,470 the time okay there were no exoplanets 438 00:20:51,820 --> 00:20:47,900 that were truly confirmed at that point 439 00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:51,830 so that happened relatively in that 440 00:20:58,570 --> 00:20:54,650 relative recent past I mean 1989 was a 441 00:21:00,370 --> 00:20:58,580 first confirmed or so and I went to see 442 00:21:01,780 --> 00:21:00,380 him when we knew that and he puts his 443 00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:01,790 hand over the phone he looks at me knows 444 00:21:10,900 --> 00:21:08,000 it was only one planet and I smiley I 445 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:10,910 smiled and nodded he's hilarious enough 446 00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:14,510 had a question to you what is more 447 00:21:23,649 --> 00:21:20,090 important answers or questions regarding 448 00:21:30,310 --> 00:21:26,850 that is actually a very good question 449 00:21:32,710 --> 00:21:30,320 because one actually begets the other I 450 00:21:34,269 --> 00:21:32,720 mean yeah that's a lot of times that's 451 00:21:35,860 --> 00:21:34,279 what you discover you discover more 452 00:21:37,509 --> 00:21:35,870 questions you know discover the answer 453 00:21:39,669 --> 00:21:37,519 you discover more questions and that's 454 00:21:42,279 --> 00:21:39,679 fair you know that's that's a fair 455 00:21:45,669 --> 00:21:42,289 question I will say this I will say that 456 00:21:49,330 --> 00:21:45,679 I believe that when you look at when you 457 00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:49,340 look at the world of astronomy one of 458 00:21:57,039 --> 00:21:52,970 the things you discover is that most of 459 00:22:02,529 --> 00:21:57,049 the most of the questions you posed are 460 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:02,539 based on a curiosity that is unique to 461 00:22:08,289 --> 00:22:04,850 the animals on this planet not just 462 00:22:10,149 --> 00:22:08,299 humans dogs show curiosity other animals 463 00:22:11,619 --> 00:22:10,159 show curiosity the octopus is probably 464 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:11,629 the most intelligent animal the ocean 465 00:22:15,610 --> 00:22:14,210 and it shows curiosity it's always 466 00:22:18,970 --> 00:22:15,620 feeling and touching things to survey 467 00:22:20,649 --> 00:22:18,980 situations we do the same thing you Sun 468 00:22:23,139 --> 00:22:20,659 land in our own way and that's that's 469 00:22:26,619 --> 00:22:23,149 that's what this planet is full is 470 00:22:28,690 --> 00:22:26,629 curious beings so our curiosity begets 471 00:22:30,190 --> 00:22:28,700 these questions and the questions demand 472 00:22:31,539 --> 00:22:30,200 answers and what we don't have the way 473 00:22:33,990 --> 00:22:31,549 to answer them we figure out a way to 474 00:22:36,220 --> 00:22:34,000 answer them by creating technology 475 00:22:39,580 --> 00:22:36,230 nothing in astronomy we can touch we 476 00:22:42,669 --> 00:22:39,590 can't touch the Stars we can't go sample 477 00:22:44,830 --> 00:22:42,679 the the interstellar medium that is the 478 00:22:48,490 --> 00:22:44,840 the in between the stars we can only see 479 00:22:51,460 --> 00:22:48,500 the light coming from these places and 480 00:22:54,669 --> 00:22:51,470 the effects on light caused by these 481 00:22:56,470 --> 00:22:54,679 places and that's all we got we don't 482 00:22:57,940 --> 00:22:56,480 have anything else to look at you know 483 00:23:00,430 --> 00:22:57,950 we don't have anything else that tell us 484 00:23:02,169 --> 00:23:00,440 what is what you know but that's all 485 00:23:07,869 --> 00:23:02,179 yeah it's it's a it really is a 486 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:07,879 fascinating fascinating topic and it's 487 00:23:11,919 --> 00:23:10,250 intrigued me for many years and a show 488 00:23:16,149 --> 00:23:11,929 on KJ RA they have sky through a radio 489 00:23:17,769 --> 00:23:16,159 my host is Amanda Curran and she knew 490 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:17,779 nothing about astronomy when we started 491 00:23:22,570 --> 00:23:20,330 and now she will sometimes finish my 492 00:23:25,029 --> 00:23:22,580 sentences with the astronomical 493 00:23:26,830 --> 00:23:25,039 information I am so that's what you get 494 00:23:31,149 --> 00:23:26,840 that's what you get for having a female 495 00:23:33,009 --> 00:23:31,159 co-host there mark I just wanted to 496 00:23:34,869 --> 00:23:33,019 bring back the question thing the reason 497 00:23:36,880 --> 00:23:34,879 one reason why I brought it up to you is 498 00:23:40,660 --> 00:23:36,890 because the great philosophers such 499 00:23:45,100 --> 00:23:40,670 Socrates or Plato and many others have 500 00:23:49,270 --> 00:23:45,110 relied upon that one tactic if you will 501 00:23:52,870 --> 00:23:49,280 or strategy or just the the wherewithal 502 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:52,880 to just ask a question because if we 503 00:24:00,220 --> 00:23:55,570 don't have the ability to ask a question 504 00:24:02,410 --> 00:24:00,230 we don't have the ability to think or 505 00:24:04,900 --> 00:24:02,420 intellectualize or blunder about stuff 506 00:24:07,540 --> 00:24:04,910 and so out of that philosophy was born 507 00:24:09,820 --> 00:24:07,550 and many other sciences were helped 508 00:24:12,070 --> 00:24:09,830 along with the ability to question so I 509 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:12,080 know it's got you know there's a lot of 510 00:24:16,090 --> 00:24:14,570 I guess there's gravitas to it it's 511 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:16,100 really really important to be able to do 512 00:24:21,730 --> 00:24:17,930 that and I'm sure that's what you do all 513 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:21,740 the time yeah I mean yes I understand 514 00:24:29,130 --> 00:24:25,010 that you do questioning and curiosity is 515 00:24:32,410 --> 00:24:29,140 the fundamental fundamental tenet of 516 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:32,420 existence as a human being you don't go 517 00:24:36,580 --> 00:24:34,730 through a day without wondering what 518 00:24:38,350 --> 00:24:36,590 something is you don't go through a day 519 00:24:41,740 --> 00:24:38,360 without thinking about a solution to a 520 00:24:43,030 --> 00:24:41,750 problem that you had posed to you you 521 00:24:45,010 --> 00:24:43,040 don't go through a day without someone 522 00:24:48,430 --> 00:24:45,020 asking you a question that is out of 523 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:48,440 curiosity I mean it's so built-in that 524 00:24:55,870 --> 00:24:52,730 we don't even realize just how much our 525 00:24:59,890 --> 00:24:55,880 world is overtaken by the curiosity that 526 00:25:01,300 --> 00:24:59,900 we have about you're right and I also 527 00:25:02,580 --> 00:25:01,310 wanted to bring up something that you 528 00:25:05,710 --> 00:25:02,590 had already brought up which is very 529 00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:05,720 important that is you show sky to a 530 00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:09,440 radio Aaron is airs live every Sunday 531 00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:11,570 p.m. Eastern Standard Time and it 532 00:25:15,580 --> 00:25:12,980 explores universe in a down-to-earth 533 00:25:17,770 --> 00:25:15,590 manner explaining the science that we 534 00:25:19,810 --> 00:25:17,780 know as you say in fun and bite-size 535 00:25:21,460 --> 00:25:19,820 terms and science is for everyone and 536 00:25:23,500 --> 00:25:21,470 people should require an advanced degree 537 00:25:25,450 --> 00:25:23,510 to understand as long as it is delivered 538 00:25:27,610 --> 00:25:25,460 in an easy-to-follow away I'm reading a 539 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:27,620 little bit about your your shoulder from 540 00:25:31,750 --> 00:25:29,930 black holes to extraterrestrial life we 541 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:31,760 will explore the universe like never 542 00:25:36,580 --> 00:25:34,010 before join us to check out such things 543 00:25:38,890 --> 00:25:36,590 as how stars form how they live how our 544 00:25:40,900 --> 00:25:38,900 fate is intertwined with theirs on the 545 00:25:42,850 --> 00:25:40,910 extra-terrestrial life front we will be 546 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:42,860 speaking to the UFO and science arenas 547 00:25:47,650 --> 00:25:44,810 top researchers and bring ufology into 548 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:47,660 the 21st century what does all that mean 549 00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:50,690 I read that that's from your show what 550 00:25:53,650 --> 00:25:52,130 what is it you're conveying to your 551 00:25:55,630 --> 00:25:53,660 listeners there for the whole world to 552 00:25:58,720 --> 00:25:55,640 understand about your wonderful sky tour 553 00:26:00,520 --> 00:25:58,730 radio show well Skype to a radio is 554 00:26:03,340 --> 00:26:00,530 coupled with sky through livestream now 555 00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:03,350 about schedule radio is a radio show 556 00:26:09,850 --> 00:26:08,330 that kgr a the owners of KCRA came to me 557 00:26:12,340 --> 00:26:09,860 and asked me if I would be willing to 558 00:26:14,020 --> 00:26:12,350 wanted to do a radio show actually I 559 00:26:15,730 --> 00:26:14,030 didn't come to them they actually say 560 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:15,740 you know you're an astronomer you do a 561 00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:18,170 lot of talks around the country would 562 00:26:22,570 --> 00:26:20,330 you like to do a radio show or we think 563 00:26:24,820 --> 00:26:22,580 you'd be great and I said well kje is a 564 00:26:27,100 --> 00:26:24,830 paranormal radio station I'm a science 565 00:26:27,820 --> 00:26:27,110 guy and they said yeah yeah we think 566 00:26:30,580 --> 00:26:27,830 it's gonna work 567 00:26:32,620 --> 00:26:30,590 well it has I mean we've consistently 568 00:26:35,410 --> 00:26:32,630 been number four in our time slot and 569 00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:35,420 that's you know that's ratings that are 570 00:26:40,060 --> 00:26:38,030 across the board it's like wow and we 571 00:26:44,050 --> 00:26:40,070 reach approximately 3 million people 572 00:26:46,270 --> 00:26:44,060 every month and we're like so humbled by 573 00:26:48,820 --> 00:26:46,280 the fact that we're doing an hour show 574 00:26:51,040 --> 00:26:48,830 to begin with and then they asked us to 575 00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:51,050 go to to a horse say but you know they 576 00:26:54,910 --> 00:26:52,850 really want more can you do another hour 577 00:26:57,970 --> 00:26:54,920 so I was like wow really 578 00:27:01,240 --> 00:26:57,980 ok so we do a two hour show every Sunday 579 00:27:03,070 --> 00:27:01,250 from 8 to 10 yeah and what do I mean by 580 00:27:05,550 --> 00:27:03,080 the the things that were said in that 581 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:05,560 that that blabbity blah oh you just read 582 00:27:11,860 --> 00:27:10,010 really what that is is we have we have 583 00:27:13,110 --> 00:27:11,870 on this planet we have all these 584 00:27:14,680 --> 00:27:13,120 theories all these ideas about 585 00:27:18,210 --> 00:27:14,690 extraterrestrials and where they come 586 00:27:21,580 --> 00:27:18,220 from sky to radio gives you the meat 587 00:27:24,340 --> 00:27:21,590 that you can put on the bones of the 588 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:24,350 extra-terrestrial puzzle alright we want 589 00:27:29,140 --> 00:27:26,090 to show you where the life could exist 590 00:27:32,580 --> 00:27:29,150 where it may come from based on the fact 591 00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:32,590 that there is a science surrounding 592 00:27:38,290 --> 00:27:35,120 extraterrestrial life now there never 593 00:27:41,470 --> 00:27:38,300 has been yet every mission NASA is 594 00:27:43,120 --> 00:27:41,480 promoted and and undertaken going to 595 00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:43,130 different planets other than the lunar 596 00:27:48,180 --> 00:27:45,650 missions for you know the Apollo 597 00:27:50,950 --> 00:27:48,190 landings has been about finding life 598 00:27:54,070 --> 00:27:50,960 every one of the missions all the Mars 599 00:27:56,910 --> 00:27:54,080 rovers looking for life signs of life 600 00:27:58,750 --> 00:27:56,920 ancient life current life past life 601 00:28:02,160 --> 00:27:58,760 that's what these missions have been 602 00:28:04,780 --> 00:28:02,170 tailored to do find signs of life so 603 00:28:08,410 --> 00:28:04,790 we're now in an 604 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:08,420 era where we're looking for life in our 605 00:28:13,090 --> 00:28:10,250 solar system and we haven't found it yet 606 00:28:15,250 --> 00:28:13,100 on Mars but we they we may I mean 607 00:28:17,230 --> 00:28:15,260 there's subterranean lakes under the 608 00:28:19,360 --> 00:28:17,240 South Pole of Mars there are many 609 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:19,370 kilometers in size and they could Harbor 610 00:28:23,110 --> 00:28:20,450 microorganisms 611 00:28:26,250 --> 00:28:23,120 there were Hardy and was the the 612 00:28:29,490 --> 00:28:26,260 tumultuous delft ultraviolet radiation 613 00:28:34,980 --> 00:28:29,500 sterilization at the surface however 614 00:28:37,810 --> 00:28:34,990 it's also possible that there is another 615 00:28:40,030 --> 00:28:37,820 star system somewhere that has 616 00:28:43,060 --> 00:28:40,040 life-forms that are much like the 617 00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:43,070 life-forms we have on this planet and so 618 00:28:48,010 --> 00:28:44,570 Skype your radio tells people about 619 00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:48,020 these particular possibilities and we 620 00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:49,610 explore them we explore the different 621 00:28:54,370 --> 00:28:51,650 types of stars that are out there and 622 00:28:56,860 --> 00:28:54,380 then we talk about the actually we and 623 00:28:58,510 --> 00:28:56,870 the radio show we have a the the first 624 00:29:01,810 --> 00:28:58,520 segment in every radio show is called 625 00:29:03,220 --> 00:29:01,820 exoplanet roundup and it talks about the 626 00:29:05,950 --> 00:29:03,230 latest and greatest and coolest 627 00:29:09,610 --> 00:29:05,960 exoplanets that have been found you know 628 00:29:12,750 --> 00:29:09,620 and these exoplanets are many times 629 00:29:14,890 --> 00:29:12,760 places that may have habitable worlds 630 00:29:18,940 --> 00:29:14,900 may or may be habitable I should say 631 00:29:21,130 --> 00:29:18,950 around these stars so we don't 632 00:29:22,390 --> 00:29:21,140 understand how a planet could exist 633 00:29:25,030 --> 00:29:22,400 around a star you need to understand the 634 00:29:25,990 --> 00:29:25,040 star then to understand how the planet 635 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:26,000 could be habitable you need to 636 00:29:33,060 --> 00:29:28,610 understand the planet and that means we 637 00:29:37,270 --> 00:29:33,070 have to understand our planet so we do a 638 00:29:39,970 --> 00:29:37,280 segment that's sort of melted into the 639 00:29:42,010 --> 00:29:39,980 whole show which is kind it's called the 640 00:29:43,660 --> 00:29:42,020 history of it all and basically it 641 00:29:45,250 --> 00:29:43,670 compares the development of life on 642 00:29:48,580 --> 00:29:45,260 earth to development of the potential 643 00:29:49,810 --> 00:29:48,590 development of life in another place and 644 00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:49,820 I think that this is something that 645 00:29:53,350 --> 00:29:51,710 gives people the meat for the bones of 646 00:29:56,710 --> 00:29:53,360 the extraterrestrial life question and 647 00:29:59,890 --> 00:29:56,720 that's that's a sky two radios about you 648 00:30:02,800 --> 00:29:59,900 know is about providing that kind of 649 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:02,810 background so when people say I believe 650 00:30:08,080 --> 00:30:04,250 in extraterrestrial life and someone 651 00:30:09,970 --> 00:30:08,090 else says why they have an answer well 652 00:30:11,260 --> 00:30:09,980 other than well I just believe it's out 653 00:30:12,700 --> 00:30:11,270 there we can't beat it because you know 654 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:12,710 what you always get well we can't be the 655 00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:14,690 only life forms out there and that's 656 00:30:17,620 --> 00:30:16,490 usually where the question ends or where 657 00:30:19,900 --> 00:30:17,630 the statement is 658 00:30:21,220 --> 00:30:19,910 or really it's you can say well we can't 659 00:30:24,610 --> 00:30:21,230 be the only life forms out there and 660 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:24,620 here's why because we have potentially 661 00:30:28,330 --> 00:30:26,450 up to and this is a very very high-end 662 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:28,340 estimate forty billion other earth-like 663 00:30:33,310 --> 00:30:31,250 planets just in our galaxy and oh by the 664 00:30:36,909 --> 00:30:33,320 way there may be at the two trillion 665 00:30:38,770 --> 00:30:36,919 other galaxies see and that's knowing 666 00:30:40,289 --> 00:30:38,780 these factoids and being out that tell 667 00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:40,299 people these things that have been 668 00:30:45,580 --> 00:30:42,770 mulled over in the science world not in 669 00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:45,590 the fantasy world people realize wow we 670 00:30:51,549 --> 00:30:48,440 don't have to make stuff up we don't 671 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:51,559 have to be optimistic and make claims 672 00:30:56,230 --> 00:30:52,970 that aren't backed up by facts 673 00:31:00,250 --> 00:30:56,240 so so I wanted to make something up with 674 00:31:03,070 --> 00:31:00,260 you I wanted to make up the possibility 675 00:31:06,100 --> 00:31:03,080 and ponder over it with you is it 676 00:31:09,340 --> 00:31:06,110 possible that there is an earth just 677 00:31:11,070 --> 00:31:09,350 like ours full of people that are 678 00:31:16,390 --> 00:31:11,080 dealing with the same kind of technology 679 00:31:19,180 --> 00:31:16,400 same science the same just basically 680 00:31:21,789 --> 00:31:19,190 everyday life going to their jobs and 681 00:31:23,799 --> 00:31:21,799 dealing with the same kind of challenges 682 00:31:25,990 --> 00:31:23,809 we are you know the joys and 683 00:31:27,789 --> 00:31:26,000 disappointments of life do you think 684 00:31:30,340 --> 00:31:27,799 that there's another earth just like 685 00:31:32,020 --> 00:31:30,350 ours out there that's a good question 686 00:31:35,169 --> 00:31:32,030 and it's one that I've often posed 687 00:31:36,970 --> 00:31:35,179 myself to people asking them what the 688 00:31:39,909 --> 00:31:36,980 thoughts are now if you think about it 689 00:31:42,549 --> 00:31:39,919 we almost can say on one hand that we 690 00:31:44,649 --> 00:31:42,559 have statistics on their side if there's 691 00:31:46,169 --> 00:31:44,659 the high-end numbers correct there's 40 692 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:46,179 billion other earths just in our galaxy 693 00:31:50,049 --> 00:31:48,650 plus you multiply that times the two 694 00:31:51,580 --> 00:31:50,059 trillion other galaxies where the same 695 00:31:52,990 --> 00:31:51,590 potential may exist some galaxies are 696 00:31:55,060 --> 00:31:53,000 much much bigger than ours some are 697 00:31:57,880 --> 00:31:55,070 smaller on the average you might say 698 00:32:01,720 --> 00:31:57,890 that there's gonna be you know more than 699 00:32:03,399 --> 00:32:01,730 40 billion in other galaxies you would 700 00:32:05,500 --> 00:32:03,409 say statistically speaking there's 701 00:32:07,270 --> 00:32:05,510 another chant Hannah talking to some guy 702 00:32:10,779 --> 00:32:07,280 named Mark on a radio show you'd like to 703 00:32:13,510 --> 00:32:10,789 say that the only difference is the life 704 00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:13,520 that life that we now know as us on this 705 00:32:18,130 --> 00:32:16,370 planet is the result of five major 706 00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:18,140 extinction events that occurred on our 707 00:32:25,419 --> 00:32:21,950 planet we had you know 252 million years 708 00:32:28,630 --> 00:32:25,429 ago the pre mammals no precursors to us 709 00:32:31,390 --> 00:32:28,640 the dominance but then there was a great 710 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:31,400 Permian dying it's called and over 96% 711 00:32:34,390 --> 00:32:31,730 of all 712 00:32:35,770 --> 00:32:34,400 life died out on this planet for what 713 00:32:37,950 --> 00:32:35,780 reason we don't actually know could have 714 00:32:41,650 --> 00:32:37,960 been eruptions in the Siberian traps 715 00:32:43,930 --> 00:32:41,660 location and that caused global dimming 716 00:32:45,790 --> 00:32:43,940 of the sunlight it could have been 717 00:32:48,220 --> 00:32:45,800 another impact that we have got to find 718 00:32:50,860 --> 00:32:48,230 I did the show on what on earth where we 719 00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:50,870 looked at our radar data under 720 00:32:54,760 --> 00:32:52,730 Antarctica and there seems to be a large 721 00:32:57,010 --> 00:32:54,770 ring structure that indicates an impact 722 00:32:59,770 --> 00:32:57,020 down there that's really old and it 723 00:33:03,000 --> 00:32:59,780 dates kind of to the Permian impact or 724 00:33:07,180 --> 00:33:03,010 Permian era was that responsible maybe 725 00:33:11,130 --> 00:33:07,190 you know and and and that extinction 726 00:33:13,540 --> 00:33:11,140 event was very hard on the pre mammals 727 00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:13,550 that were there and it was the mammals 728 00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:15,290 then that actually suffered the most 729 00:33:20,470 --> 00:33:17,930 so they actually retreated and went into 730 00:33:22,300 --> 00:33:20,480 hiding and some died out and this paved 731 00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:22,310 the way these niches were open and this 732 00:33:26,290 --> 00:33:24,530 is where the reptiles came in and from 733 00:33:28,090 --> 00:33:26,300 there to the Jurassic age we had the age 734 00:33:31,060 --> 00:33:28,100 of the dinosaurs the age of the reptiles 735 00:33:33,580 --> 00:33:31,070 and then we had another impact event 736 00:33:36,220 --> 00:33:33,590 there are four others and that happened 737 00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:36,230 kind of in and throughout there are 738 00:33:40,750 --> 00:33:39,350 three or more three others and then 65 739 00:33:42,610 --> 00:33:40,760 billion years ago we had another impact 740 00:33:44,950 --> 00:33:42,620 off of the Yucatan Peninsula called the 741 00:33:47,860 --> 00:33:44,960 Chicxulub impact it's also known as the 742 00:33:49,630 --> 00:33:47,870 Cretaceous Paleogene impact you've heard 743 00:33:52,780 --> 00:33:49,640 of the KT boundary event if you've ever 744 00:33:54,910 --> 00:33:52,790 heard and that was the one that killed 745 00:33:57,580 --> 00:33:54,920 off the dinosaurs and they died over a 746 00:33:59,410 --> 00:33:57,590 period of time for the same reasons that 747 00:34:01,450 --> 00:33:59,420 the mammals died back in the Permian 748 00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:01,460 they either some light was extinguished 749 00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:02,930 for some reason and a photosynthetic 750 00:34:07,390 --> 00:34:05,810 creatures that turn light into energy 751 00:34:11,140 --> 00:34:07,400 and food and sugars that other animals 752 00:34:13,090 --> 00:34:11,150 like to eat was diminished and all those 753 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:13,100 empty niches were filled by the mammals 754 00:34:20,050 --> 00:34:14,960 and thus we came out of the shadows once 755 00:34:23,650 --> 00:34:20,060 again so I think based on the templates 756 00:34:25,840 --> 00:34:23,660 that we see on this planet I think that 757 00:34:28,900 --> 00:34:25,850 bilateral symmetry as I mentioned the 758 00:34:30,730 --> 00:34:28,910 left and right sameness is a template 759 00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:30,740 the universe provides based on the DNA 760 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:34,570 and how it replicates and recombines and 761 00:34:41,680 --> 00:34:37,610 not only that with the replication of 762 00:34:45,130 --> 00:34:41,690 DNA we also have the fact that animals 763 00:34:45,580 --> 00:34:45,140 that are our mammals seem to have been 764 00:34:47,650 --> 00:34:45,590 dominant 765 00:34:49,090 --> 00:34:47,660 the Permian period they were knocked out 766 00:34:50,920 --> 00:34:49,100 for a little while and then came back 767 00:34:54,910 --> 00:34:50,930 with dominance which makes me think 768 00:34:57,160 --> 00:34:54,920 maybe the mammalian form is a form that 769 00:35:00,730 --> 00:34:57,170 is a template for the universe provides 770 00:35:04,240 --> 00:35:00,740 as well and maybe the mammalian form is 771 00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:04,250 what might be on average a dominant form 772 00:35:07,420 --> 00:35:05,090 on a planet 773 00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:07,430 now I'm basing that only on our planet 774 00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:10,130 so you really you know you can't make 775 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:12,530 that you can't say that's a hundred 776 00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:15,050 percent true but there's a there's a 777 00:35:20,980 --> 00:35:18,050 there's a record of in the fossil record 778 00:35:23,470 --> 00:35:20,990 of mammals coming back into the fold and 779 00:35:26,920 --> 00:35:23,480 coming back into dominance and that's 780 00:35:29,470 --> 00:35:26,930 the only reason they say it so the 781 00:35:32,650 --> 00:35:29,480 creatures that would be elsewhere might 782 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:32,660 be somewhat like mammals perhaps but 783 00:35:35,890 --> 00:35:34,490 there's not necessarily gonna have skin 784 00:35:38,410 --> 00:35:35,900 like ours they're not necessarily gonna 785 00:35:40,720 --> 00:35:38,420 walk around going to jobs like we are 786 00:35:42,220 --> 00:35:40,730 they're gonna have a different world 787 00:35:44,290 --> 00:35:42,230 entirely most likely and it's gonna 788 00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:44,300 depend on several things it's gonna 789 00:35:48,970 --> 00:35:46,850 depend on the size of their planet not 790 00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:48,980 every planets the size of ours it's 791 00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:50,210 gonna depend on the atmosphere of the 792 00:35:54,940 --> 00:35:52,370 planet it's gonna and it's gonna depend 793 00:35:57,010 --> 00:35:54,950 on how far away that planet is from the 794 00:35:59,080 --> 00:35:57,020 Sun you know if it's in the habitable 795 00:36:00,760 --> 00:35:59,090 zone if it's a little bit too close a 796 00:36:02,950 --> 00:36:00,770 little bit closer I should say there'll 797 00:36:05,590 --> 00:36:02,960 be a warmer planet so they would develop 798 00:36:06,940 --> 00:36:05,600 differently than we did if it's a little 799 00:36:09,220 --> 00:36:06,950 further away but not out of the 800 00:36:11,380 --> 00:36:09,230 habitable zone again cooler they would 801 00:36:13,330 --> 00:36:11,390 develop differently their skin might be 802 00:36:15,010 --> 00:36:13,340 different there they might have hair 803 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:15,020 they might be protected by that from the 804 00:36:20,800 --> 00:36:18,490 cold different than we are 805 00:36:23,410 --> 00:36:20,810 tidal locking with some of these planets 806 00:36:25,870 --> 00:36:23,420 - that they don't actually rotate so you 807 00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:25,880 got a hot side and a cool side on a lot 808 00:36:29,290 --> 00:36:27,290 of these planets we've discovered as 809 00:36:31,960 --> 00:36:29,300 well that's correct in fact most of the 810 00:36:34,060 --> 00:36:31,970 planets that we know about are around 811 00:36:35,980 --> 00:36:34,070 these stars that have these planets that 812 00:36:37,570 --> 00:36:35,990 are that have the same side always 813 00:36:39,340 --> 00:36:37,580 facing their star like the moon always 814 00:36:41,500 --> 00:36:39,350 faces the same direction as it goes 815 00:36:43,720 --> 00:36:41,510 around our planet and that tidal locking 816 00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:43,730 is the result of the gravitational 817 00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:46,010 interaction between the planet and the 818 00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:48,920 star and the reason it happens is 819 00:36:53,850 --> 00:36:51,260 because these planets are around the 820 00:36:57,280 --> 00:36:53,860 star that's literally hundreds of times 821 00:36:59,590 --> 00:36:57,290 less bright than our Sun in some cases 822 00:36:59,990 --> 00:36:59,600 and smaller than our Sun by a huge 823 00:37:02,450 --> 00:37:00,000 amount 824 00:37:06,170 --> 00:37:02,460 so that means just a little bit larger 825 00:37:07,940 --> 00:37:06,180 than the planet Jupiter even and it 826 00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:07,950 means that the planets are going to be 827 00:37:12,290 --> 00:37:09,810 much much closer and the star like you 828 00:37:14,030 --> 00:37:12,300 were showing it in the in the stream 829 00:37:15,730 --> 00:37:14,040 you're actually showing an image of the 830 00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:15,740 Trappist one system which is a system 831 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:18,330 that has seven planets they're all 832 00:37:22,849 --> 00:37:20,010 closer to the star than the planet 833 00:37:25,970 --> 00:37:22,859 Mercury is to the Sun but the star is 834 00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:25,980 just a fraction of the luminous output 835 00:37:32,530 --> 00:37:29,010 of our Sun so this those star that star 836 00:37:34,849 --> 00:37:32,540 Trappist one is a star that has planets 837 00:37:37,510 --> 00:37:34,859 very close to it and three of those 838 00:37:40,370 --> 00:37:37,520 planets are in the star's habitable zone 839 00:37:42,710 --> 00:37:40,380 that's how small a star is and it's it 840 00:37:46,040 --> 00:37:42,720 makes more sense to talk about Jupiter 841 00:37:47,570 --> 00:37:46,050 and its moons then talking about the Sun 842 00:37:51,230 --> 00:37:47,580 and it's planets when you talk about 843 00:37:52,760 --> 00:37:51,240 Trappist 1c so we see this variety in 844 00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:52,770 the universe it's all new stuff you know 845 00:37:56,540 --> 00:37:54,810 and those stars are that are small and 846 00:37:58,190 --> 00:37:56,550 red like that are called M stars and 847 00:38:00,620 --> 00:37:58,200 don't confuse that with the m-class 848 00:38:03,290 --> 00:38:00,630 planets of Star Trek captain okay it's 849 00:38:06,020 --> 00:38:03,300 actually the M star is is red and cool 850 00:38:07,579 --> 00:38:06,030 and the temperature is only a few 851 00:38:09,620 --> 00:38:07,589 thousand degrees in the surface the Sun 852 00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:09,630 has about a 10,000 degree temperature on 853 00:38:15,730 --> 00:38:11,490 the surface that's all Fahrenheit and 854 00:38:18,710 --> 00:38:15,740 when you look at these little tiny stars 855 00:38:20,210 --> 00:38:18,720 because the planets are so close the 856 00:38:22,609 --> 00:38:20,220 bulk of the planets are going to be 857 00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:22,619 tidally locked and see I look at that as 858 00:38:27,349 --> 00:38:25,050 an opportunity let's say that trap is 859 00:38:29,930 --> 00:38:27,359 one has one of these planets that's 860 00:38:34,849 --> 00:38:29,940 actually habitable let's say it's trap 861 00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:34,859 is F okay which is you know it's like 862 00:38:39,680 --> 00:38:37,170 the fifth one out from from the center 863 00:38:42,050 --> 00:38:39,690 and from where the star is this 864 00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:42,060 particular star would have this little 865 00:38:45,410 --> 00:38:43,410 planet going around it let's say it's 866 00:38:48,079 --> 00:38:45,420 sort of like the earth but it is tightly 867 00:38:50,570 --> 00:38:48,089 locked now that means if you want to go 868 00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:50,580 the beach forever you just go to the Sun 869 00:38:56,930 --> 00:38:53,130 side you get out of the Sun will always 870 00:38:58,220 --> 00:38:56,940 be high noon all the time okay and if 871 00:38:59,510 --> 00:38:58,230 you didn't want to be that hot you would 872 00:39:02,570 --> 00:38:59,520 kind of go a little bit more toward the 873 00:39:04,190 --> 00:39:02,580 the west of the East and get toward the 874 00:39:08,089 --> 00:39:04,200 Terminator and then you could have a 875 00:39:10,520 --> 00:39:08,099 late afternoon Sun 24/7 if your day was 876 00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:10,530 24 hours long okay if it wasn't it could 877 00:39:13,850 --> 00:39:13,170 be like you know three seven you know 878 00:39:15,380 --> 00:39:13,860 three hours of 879 00:39:18,140 --> 00:39:15,390 you know whatever you know or three 880 00:39:19,850 --> 00:39:18,150 hours and and then basically your night 881 00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:19,860 time would of course be fully sunlit as 882 00:39:23,870 --> 00:39:22,170 well so you'd never lose the Sun so it's 883 00:39:25,460 --> 00:39:23,880 a never-ending day on that side and 884 00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:25,470 let's say you want to always photograph 885 00:39:28,970 --> 00:39:26,880 sunsets you could always go with the 886 00:39:31,070 --> 00:39:28,980 Terminator and have a trip to the 887 00:39:33,590 --> 00:39:31,080 Terminator you know look at it look real 888 00:39:35,330 --> 00:39:33,600 estate guys are gonna have a feel when 889 00:39:36,830 --> 00:39:35,340 we get there cuz you're gonna go there 890 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:36,840 and say hey you want to have a sunset 891 00:39:41,060 --> 00:39:39,690 trip seven days of sunsets you know 892 00:39:42,790 --> 00:39:41,070 we'll take you for seven days or sunsets 893 00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:42,800 you can enjoy seven days of sunsets 894 00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:45,210 alright and if you want to see the stars 895 00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:48,090 oh just go to the dark side you know and 896 00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:50,880 spend seven days now some of the planets 897 00:39:55,240 --> 00:39:52,080 because they're so close to the star 898 00:39:57,380 --> 00:39:55,250 their year might only be seven days long 899 00:39:59,390 --> 00:39:57,390 so looking up in the sky you could 900 00:40:02,360 --> 00:39:59,400 visibly watch the stars moving as the 901 00:40:05,450 --> 00:40:02,370 planets going around the star I mean 902 00:40:06,650 --> 00:40:05,460 that's really cool I mean there's so 903 00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:06,660 many opportunities I'm telling you I 904 00:40:09,350 --> 00:40:08,730 think to go well let me ask you this 905 00:40:11,570 --> 00:40:09,360 real quick 906 00:40:12,890 --> 00:40:11,580 have you ever I think most of our 907 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:12,900 listeners are familiar with the Drake 908 00:40:17,230 --> 00:40:15,210 Equation have you ever played with that 909 00:40:20,260 --> 00:40:17,240 yourself and come up with a number of 910 00:40:23,030 --> 00:40:20,270 yourself as far as what that number is 911 00:40:24,890 --> 00:40:23,040 the end result of the Drake Equation 912 00:40:26,930 --> 00:40:24,900 yeah when Frank Drake created that 913 00:40:28,700 --> 00:40:26,940 equation when the problems was we didn't 914 00:40:30,620 --> 00:40:28,710 have answers for many of the parameters 915 00:40:31,850 --> 00:40:30,630 in that equation now we don't have 916 00:40:34,460 --> 00:40:31,860 answers for all the parameters in the 917 00:40:35,570 --> 00:40:34,470 Drake Equation now but we do know that 918 00:40:38,480 --> 00:40:35,580 the Drake Equation 919 00:40:40,070 --> 00:40:38,490 has been reworked by there's an Italian 920 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:40,080 team in particular that worked on this 921 00:40:48,650 --> 00:40:44,370 equation and they came up with a new 922 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:48,660 number one of their numbers was like 25 923 00:40:53,900 --> 00:40:50,610 million earth-like planets and that was 924 00:40:55,430 --> 00:40:53,910 a very conservative number you know and 925 00:40:59,060 --> 00:40:55,440 you know one of the things you you care 926 00:41:02,300 --> 00:40:59,070 about for instance is you know is there 927 00:41:05,030 --> 00:41:02,310 a civilization out there that will 928 00:41:07,490 --> 00:41:05,040 survive through say a nuclear period 929 00:41:09,740 --> 00:41:07,500 will they survive you know and you know 930 00:41:13,070 --> 00:41:09,750 you kind of kind of put that as you know 931 00:41:17,720 --> 00:41:13,080 the the number of civilizations that 932 00:41:19,600 --> 00:41:17,730 might survive you know to fruition okay 933 00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:19,610 and that that's probably in the factor 934 00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:24,240 that talks about the fraction of planets 935 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:27,450 where life will emerge okay and then 936 00:41:31,460 --> 00:41:29,250 within that you know how long will they 937 00:41:32,690 --> 00:41:31,470 survive you know the years of 938 00:41:34,549 --> 00:41:32,700 civilization would like remain 939 00:41:37,039 --> 00:41:34,559 detectable is another parameter okay 940 00:41:39,710 --> 00:41:37,049 that we don't know any of these numbers 941 00:41:41,599 --> 00:41:39,720 you know we do know the fraction of 942 00:41:43,039 --> 00:41:41,609 stars that will form planets we knew 943 00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:43,049 that that's one of the drake parameters 944 00:41:49,250 --> 00:41:46,010 we don't we didn't have one value for 945 00:41:52,069 --> 00:41:49,260 naught it is now yeah the average number 946 00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:52,079 of habitable planets per star that is 947 00:41:55,910 --> 00:41:53,520 something that we kind of have a better 948 00:41:58,130 --> 00:41:55,920 idea of - we didn't know this before so 949 00:42:00,079 --> 00:41:58,140 we had to put in numbers and before you 950 00:42:02,809 --> 00:42:00,089 could only put in you know the fraction 951 00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:02,819 that we know which was for the earth so 952 00:42:06,349 --> 00:42:05,099 really it's just us that we were talking 953 00:42:09,559 --> 00:42:06,359 about so the Drake Equation that was 954 00:42:11,930 --> 00:42:09,569 always pessimistic in the early days and 955 00:42:13,339 --> 00:42:11,940 this Italian team that redid this came 956 00:42:17,210 --> 00:42:13,349 out with these other numbers which are 957 00:42:20,089 --> 00:42:17,220 like I said one one set of equation 958 00:42:21,890 --> 00:42:20,099 values gives the numbers off to forty 959 00:42:25,520 --> 00:42:21,900 billion and that's based on the number 960 00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:25,530 of stars in our galaxy okay and that 961 00:42:30,079 --> 00:42:28,290 that's something that is still debated 962 00:42:31,390 --> 00:42:30,089 because we're inside the forest we can't 963 00:42:33,920 --> 00:42:31,400 count the trees from inside the forest 964 00:42:35,480 --> 00:42:33,930 well we can always count the trees in 965 00:42:36,740 --> 00:42:35,490 the forest the other galaxies we can see 966 00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:36,750 the stars and the other galaxies and 967 00:42:40,819 --> 00:42:38,760 through star counts and so we can say 968 00:42:43,609 --> 00:42:40,829 well based on what we see here maybe 969 00:42:45,530 --> 00:42:43,619 we're like that galaxy over there and so 970 00:42:47,750 --> 00:42:45,540 if that galaxy has this many stars maybe 971 00:42:49,220 --> 00:42:47,760 we do too so the number is really 972 00:42:51,980 --> 00:42:49,230 between a hundred billion and four 973 00:42:54,500 --> 00:42:51,990 hundred billion stars that we have it's 974 00:42:56,210 --> 00:42:54,510 quite a difference how realistic is a 975 00:42:57,890 --> 00:42:56,220 Drake Equation I'm seeing that there's 976 00:42:59,480 --> 00:42:57,900 uncertainties that revolve around the 977 00:43:01,250 --> 00:42:59,490 understanding of the evolution of life 978 00:43:03,890 --> 00:43:01,260 intelligence and civilization not 979 00:43:06,680 --> 00:43:03,900 physics and then bringing in the Drake 980 00:43:08,990 --> 00:43:06,690 Equation that it's possible that it's 981 00:43:12,319 --> 00:43:09,000 largely based on conjecture is that true 982 00:43:15,559 --> 00:43:12,329 oh sure sure I mean but but we do have 983 00:43:17,780 --> 00:43:15,569 factual data can't factual data that 984 00:43:19,819 --> 00:43:17,790 well I so say statistically factual data 985 00:43:22,430 --> 00:43:19,829 of the fraction of stars that form 986 00:43:24,890 --> 00:43:22,440 planets the average number of suitable 987 00:43:26,750 --> 00:43:24,900 stars that form on the universe remember 988 00:43:29,420 --> 00:43:26,760 is this is all a sliding window of 989 00:43:32,260 --> 00:43:29,430 formation okay what I mean by that is 990 00:43:34,849 --> 00:43:32,270 the universe is 13.8 billion years old 991 00:43:36,530 --> 00:43:34,859 actually might be twelve point seven or 992 00:43:39,079 --> 00:43:36,540 eight let's be clear there's been some 993 00:43:41,180 --> 00:43:39,089 work on that recently too but let's just 994 00:43:44,930 --> 00:43:41,190 take 13.8 as the working stage 995 00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:44,940 classic number and we came along 4.6 996 00:43:49,700 --> 00:43:48,450 billion years ago and the universe was 997 00:43:53,029 --> 00:43:49,710 around for over nine billion years 998 00:43:54,589 --> 00:43:53,039 before we even came along so there's 999 00:43:56,240 --> 00:43:54,599 been a sliding window that is to say 1000 00:43:58,579 --> 00:43:56,250 that star formation has always been 1001 00:44:00,049 --> 00:43:58,589 going on we see it happening though we 1002 00:44:02,210 --> 00:44:00,059 see stars dying we see stars being born 1003 00:44:04,130 --> 00:44:02,220 we see stars right in their mid life 1004 00:44:05,750 --> 00:44:04,140 where they're doing great and this 1005 00:44:07,160 --> 00:44:05,760 happens with planets we see planets in 1006 00:44:10,549 --> 00:44:07,170 formation we see planets that have 1007 00:44:12,500 --> 00:44:10,559 survived the death of their star all 1008 00:44:16,390 --> 00:44:12,510 right and then we see planets that are 1009 00:44:19,010 --> 00:44:16,400 in maturity in their in the system so 1010 00:44:21,890 --> 00:44:19,020 it's been going on so that means that 1011 00:44:24,500 --> 00:44:21,900 nine billion years passed before we were 1012 00:44:27,549 --> 00:44:24,510 even blinking the cosmic eye really and 1013 00:44:29,510 --> 00:44:27,559 that's when we started after that and 1014 00:44:32,180 --> 00:44:29,520 during that time civilizations could 1015 00:44:34,099 --> 00:44:32,190 have risen and fallen across the 1016 00:44:36,650 --> 00:44:34,109 universe and we would never have known 1017 00:44:40,490 --> 00:44:36,660 and we'll never know because they're so 1018 00:44:41,059 --> 00:44:40,500 far away but we are broadcasting our 1019 00:44:43,370 --> 00:44:41,069 presence 1020 00:44:47,180 --> 00:44:43,380 now Stephen Hawking and Frank you may 1021 00:44:49,370 --> 00:44:47,190 know this too Stephen Hawking said we 1022 00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:49,380 shouldn't announce our presence well 1023 00:44:57,079 --> 00:44:52,650 unfortunately we have been it's a little 1024 00:44:58,549 --> 00:44:57,089 late now I'm talking about something 1025 00:45:00,859 --> 00:44:58,559 else we started broadcasting our 1026 00:45:03,980 --> 00:45:00,869 presence just about two billion years 1027 00:45:07,010 --> 00:45:03,990 ago over two billion years ago and that 1028 00:45:09,410 --> 00:45:07,020 was when the first cyanobacteria those 1029 00:45:12,140 --> 00:45:09,420 little blue green algae started gobbling 1030 00:45:14,480 --> 00:45:12,150 carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and 1031 00:45:19,279 --> 00:45:14,490 basically releasing oxygen as a waste 1032 00:45:23,720 --> 00:45:19,289 product right they were releasing was 1033 00:45:26,210 --> 00:45:23,730 something that made it really hard to 1034 00:45:28,370 --> 00:45:26,220 miss because oxygen does not like to 1035 00:45:30,019 --> 00:45:28,380 stay in an atmosphere it's gonna go 1036 00:45:32,480 --> 00:45:30,029 right down into the calm and make 1037 00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:32,490 compounds in the soils you know it 1038 00:45:37,099 --> 00:45:34,890 happened on Mars I know the water went 1039 00:45:39,319 --> 00:45:37,109 up no h2o to oxygen two hydrogen's and 1040 00:45:42,620 --> 00:45:39,329 an oxygen went up into the atmosphere of 1041 00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:42,630 Mars and the ultraviolet light hitting 1042 00:45:47,660 --> 00:45:46,170 Mars atmosphere separated the hydrogen 1043 00:45:49,640 --> 00:45:47,670 from the oxygen the oxygen went down 1044 00:45:51,740 --> 00:45:49,650 into the soils bonded with iron 1045 00:45:53,570 --> 00:45:51,750 compounds making what's known as the 1046 00:45:56,810 --> 00:45:53,580 iron oxide or 1047 00:45:59,420 --> 00:45:56,820 rust okay and so Mars is red because of 1048 00:46:03,500 --> 00:45:59,430 that a lot of the water compounds rusted 1049 00:46:05,600 --> 00:46:03,510 Mars frankly and so the planet will 1050 00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:05,610 reach an equilibrium where of oxygen 1051 00:46:11,330 --> 00:46:08,910 production and and usage we have an 1052 00:46:14,300 --> 00:46:11,340 overabundance we have too much we're in 1053 00:46:16,190 --> 00:46:14,310 what's called disequilibrium and in my 1054 00:46:18,230 --> 00:46:16,200 book the populated universe what I 1055 00:46:21,140 --> 00:46:18,240 discuss I talk about how we have been a 1056 00:46:26,180 --> 00:46:21,150 beacon to the universe for billions of 1057 00:46:27,980 --> 00:46:26,190 years and so if we think we're hiding we 1058 00:46:31,010 --> 00:46:27,990 have another thing coming because we as 1059 00:46:32,930 --> 00:46:31,020 a oxygen breathing species we've only 1060 00:46:34,970 --> 00:46:32,940 been 5,000 years into our written 1061 00:46:37,880 --> 00:46:34,980 history if you go back to Samaria and 1062 00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:37,890 the Cunha form tablet language and in 1063 00:46:42,050 --> 00:46:39,810 that time we know to look for planets 1064 00:46:44,450 --> 00:46:42,060 with oxygen in them and we're actually 1065 00:46:46,310 --> 00:46:44,460 developing the capability to do that now 1066 00:46:49,100 --> 00:46:46,320 is the web gonna be able to do that a 1067 00:46:50,390 --> 00:46:49,110 little bit better than Kepler wiser yeah 1068 00:46:52,400 --> 00:46:50,400 I was about to mention framed it the 1069 00:46:55,670 --> 00:46:52,410 Webb telescope which is going up next 1070 00:46:57,020 --> 00:46:55,680 year we hope the Webb telescope may or 1071 00:46:59,300 --> 00:46:57,030 may not be well you can't do that 1072 00:47:00,470 --> 00:46:59,310 because oxygen that what the Webb 1073 00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:00,480 telescope was looking at is infrared 1074 00:47:05,210 --> 00:47:02,610 signatures okay it's an infrared system 1075 00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:05,220 primarily right so it could look for 1076 00:47:08,500 --> 00:47:06,810 methane and they can look for carbon 1077 00:47:10,900 --> 00:47:08,510 dioxide which show up in the infrared 1078 00:47:13,490 --> 00:47:10,910 but oxygen is in the visible spectrum 1079 00:47:17,420 --> 00:47:13,500 and you know so it's not gonna see it 1080 00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:17,430 but if it sees methane and if it sees 1081 00:47:23,500 --> 00:47:20,960 carbon dioxide the inference to up to 1082 00:47:25,850 --> 00:47:23,510 the inference to oxygen will be there 1083 00:47:27,740 --> 00:47:25,860 and we'll know that it's there based on 1084 00:47:29,810 --> 00:47:27,750 the amounts of methane versus carbon 1085 00:47:32,720 --> 00:47:29,820 dioxide that we see and we'll be able to 1086 00:47:34,010 --> 00:47:32,730 infer that the other thing is we have 1087 00:47:37,220 --> 00:47:34,020 another thing called the reflectance 1088 00:47:40,460 --> 00:47:37,230 index what's that well back in the 90s 1089 00:47:44,360 --> 00:47:40,470 Carl Sagan my favorite astronomer okay 1090 00:47:46,610 --> 00:47:44,370 Carl Sagan was running the air was was 1091 00:47:50,360 --> 00:47:46,620 on the Galileo probe mission to Jupiter 1092 00:47:52,040 --> 00:47:50,370 and the way out away from Earth Carl 1093 00:47:54,350 --> 00:47:52,050 Sagan asked if the Galileo probe could 1094 00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:54,360 be turned around to look at the earth so 1095 00:47:58,940 --> 00:47:55,890 that he could see what a planet that has 1096 00:48:02,210 --> 00:47:58,950 plants on it deserts oceans looks like 1097 00:48:03,770 --> 00:48:02,220 to the Galileo sensors and they began 1098 00:48:06,950 --> 00:48:03,780 building a database by doing that 1099 00:48:07,579 --> 00:48:06,960 alright and that database allowed us to 1100 00:48:10,819 --> 00:48:07,589 see 1101 00:48:12,859 --> 00:48:10,829 the reflectance looks like from a desert 1102 00:48:14,779 --> 00:48:12,869 what the reflectance looks like from an 1103 00:48:17,809 --> 00:48:14,789 Amazon rainforest what it looks like 1104 00:48:20,479 --> 00:48:17,819 from planes what it looks like from a 1105 00:48:23,150 --> 00:48:20,489 desert our ocean matter and so what this 1106 00:48:25,130 --> 00:48:23,160 did was give us the beginnings of a 1107 00:48:27,650 --> 00:48:25,140 database rudimentary at best but still a 1108 00:48:30,109 --> 00:48:27,660 database that we can apply when we look 1109 00:48:32,689 --> 00:48:30,119 at these distant exoplanets and the Webb 1110 00:48:34,009 --> 00:48:32,699 telescope will help us with this and so 1111 00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:34,019 we'll be able to look at a planet and 1112 00:48:40,039 --> 00:48:37,170 probably be able to determine if there's 1113 00:48:43,279 --> 00:48:40,049 photosynthetic life there based on this 1114 00:48:46,370 --> 00:48:43,289 reflectance it's a new era guys you know 1115 00:48:51,079 --> 00:48:46,380 and Carl Sagan would just love to see 1116 00:48:53,059 --> 00:48:51,089 what's happened to his pale blue dot now 1117 00:48:55,999 --> 00:48:53,069 once that once you find one that reaches 1118 00:48:58,699 --> 00:48:56,009 those parameters then is it not because 1119 00:49:01,219 --> 00:48:58,709 they download reams and reams of data 1120 00:49:03,469 --> 00:49:01,229 from these Space Telescope what once you 1121 00:49:05,329 --> 00:49:03,479 find one that doesn't make it a lot 1122 00:49:07,640 --> 00:49:05,339 easier to find others once you find that 1123 00:49:10,339 --> 00:49:07,650 first one because you've got the 1124 00:49:14,209 --> 00:49:10,349 parameters more or less set it makes it 1125 00:49:16,160 --> 00:49:14,219 easier to hunt for them in again I keep 1126 00:49:17,749 --> 00:49:16,170 seeing stories where they just found 1127 00:49:20,479 --> 00:49:17,759 this new batch I think it was a dozen 1128 00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:20,489 and a half it was in the data they 1129 00:49:23,839 --> 00:49:22,410 hadn't found it somebody looked at it in 1130 00:49:26,630 --> 00:49:23,849 a different way they found a whole bunch 1131 00:49:28,969 --> 00:49:26,640 of new exoplanets a dozen and a half or 1132 00:49:31,729 --> 00:49:28,979 so if I recall correctly so won't that 1133 00:49:34,969 --> 00:49:31,739 work just refining to further there yeah 1134 00:49:36,859 --> 00:49:34,979 I mean planet hunters org you can go 1135 00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:36,869 there yourself and start participating 1136 00:49:40,160 --> 00:49:38,729 and looking at data and helping to 1137 00:49:44,419 --> 00:49:40,170 reduce the data and look for possible 1138 00:49:45,919 --> 00:49:44,429 exoplanet signatures but the fact is so 1139 00:49:47,449 --> 00:49:45,929 your questions once they find one could 1140 00:49:50,599 --> 00:49:47,459 they use the same process to find others 1141 00:49:52,789 --> 00:49:50,609 of course of course but yeah I also 1142 00:49:55,099 --> 00:49:52,799 remember that every planets gonna be a 1143 00:49:56,299 --> 00:49:55,109 little bit different and you know 1144 00:49:58,339 --> 00:49:56,309 depending on the atmosphere the 1145 00:50:00,679 --> 00:49:58,349 reflection the reflectance is gonna look 1146 00:50:03,769 --> 00:50:00,689 a little different so there's got to be 1147 00:50:07,609 --> 00:50:03,779 some tuning of this process but the 1148 00:50:09,289 --> 00:50:07,619 bottom line is we since we've been a 1149 00:50:12,499 --> 00:50:09,299 beacon for over 2 billion years to the 1150 00:50:14,059 --> 00:50:12,509 universe it means that the oxygen signal 1151 00:50:16,309 --> 00:50:14,069 that's in our atmosphere has been seen 1152 00:50:17,870 --> 00:50:16,319 by other civilizations I mean know it 1153 00:50:19,520 --> 00:50:17,880 took us like I said five thousand years 1154 00:50:22,160 --> 00:50:19,530 to figure that out 1155 00:50:24,800 --> 00:50:22,170 okay and 5000 years adult development 1156 00:50:26,780 --> 00:50:24,810 technology certainly other civilizations 1157 00:50:30,170 --> 00:50:26,790 that have existed for a hundred thousand 1158 00:50:31,640 --> 00:50:30,180 years well that's old news that's their 1159 00:50:34,160 --> 00:50:31,650 ancient history figuring out whether 1160 00:50:35,480 --> 00:50:34,170 there's oxygen and looking at other 1161 00:50:38,510 --> 00:50:35,490 planets and figuring out where there's 1162 00:50:39,950 --> 00:50:38,520 possible habitation so they're able to 1163 00:50:41,840 --> 00:50:39,960 do that based on what the atmosphere 1164 00:50:43,550 --> 00:50:41,850 looks like for sure they can see 1165 00:50:45,560 --> 00:50:43,560 industrial balloons if they've been 1166 00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:45,570 through that phase if they created a 1167 00:50:51,470 --> 00:50:48,450 database which is something that all 1168 00:50:53,420 --> 00:50:51,480 creatures that some level do you know as 1169 00:50:55,280 --> 00:50:53,430 other certain peers have this 1170 00:50:57,470 --> 00:50:55,290 instinctive database to know what a 1171 00:51:00,410 --> 00:50:57,480 threat isn't what isn't a threat and 1172 00:51:01,940 --> 00:51:00,420 that's something for instance that this 1173 00:51:04,150 --> 00:51:01,950 built-in database is something that 1174 00:51:06,200 --> 00:51:04,160 would become a built-in database of 1175 00:51:08,180 --> 00:51:06,210 planetary reference material probably 1176 00:51:09,920 --> 00:51:08,190 for a future civilization somewhere else 1177 00:51:12,740 --> 00:51:09,930 where there might be existent now I'm 1178 00:51:15,140 --> 00:51:12,750 glad you brought that up because you 1179 00:51:17,440 --> 00:51:15,150 know that wealth of data which is I'm 1180 00:51:21,200 --> 00:51:17,450 sure mountains of it 1181 00:51:24,700 --> 00:51:21,210 how do people strategize in order to 1182 00:51:28,160 --> 00:51:24,710 figure out how to mine that kind of data 1183 00:51:29,900 --> 00:51:28,170 well what do what strategy do they use 1184 00:51:31,820 --> 00:51:29,910 because there's no way one person can do 1185 00:51:34,040 --> 00:51:31,830 it there's got to be things that they do 1186 00:51:36,170 --> 00:51:34,050 in order to try and categorize that data 1187 00:51:38,390 --> 00:51:36,180 where does one start with that 1188 00:51:39,740 --> 00:51:38,400 incredible amount of data actually I can 1189 00:51:42,680 --> 00:51:39,750 answer that because I interviewed 1190 00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:42,690 Professor Kevin Knuth about it they he 1191 00:51:48,320 --> 00:51:45,810 has developed a software that's that 1192 00:51:49,760 --> 00:51:48,330 they run all this data through it's not 1193 00:51:51,890 --> 00:51:49,770 like they've got all this data they're 1194 00:51:53,510 --> 00:51:51,900 not looking at you know hard copy and 1195 00:51:55,760 --> 00:51:53,520 gone over it with a magnifying glass 1196 00:51:57,350 --> 00:51:55,770 they just they run it through the 1197 00:51:58,820 --> 00:51:57,360 software and they've got certain 1198 00:52:02,060 --> 00:51:58,830 parameters that they're looking for it 1199 00:52:04,100 --> 00:52:02,070 makes it a heck of a lot easier it does 1200 00:52:05,960 --> 00:52:04,110 and it's exactly right and I was gonna 1201 00:52:08,180 --> 00:52:05,970 say that that that's that's how it's 1202 00:52:10,060 --> 00:52:08,190 done you know now we use computer 1203 00:52:13,030 --> 00:52:10,070 systems in fact computers flag 1204 00:52:15,320 --> 00:52:13,040 candidates before an astronomer does and 1205 00:52:16,910 --> 00:52:15,330 then they have to go and look at what 1206 00:52:19,160 --> 00:52:16,920 the computer flagged and then they have 1207 00:52:21,230 --> 00:52:19,170 to go and say well let's confirm it see 1208 00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:21,240 there's the deal there you don't just 1209 00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:23,850 get one response from say the Kepler 1210 00:52:27,620 --> 00:52:25,410 space telescope and say look we found 1211 00:52:29,300 --> 00:52:27,630 the planet that doesn't happen that's 1212 00:52:31,130 --> 00:52:29,310 why it takes a couple of years sometimes 1213 00:52:33,019 --> 00:52:31,140 several years to be able to confirm that 1214 00:52:34,099 --> 00:52:33,029 the planet actually exists 1215 00:52:36,949 --> 00:52:34,109 and the reason is because they have to 1216 00:52:39,769 --> 00:52:36,959 do confirmations science is not as fast 1217 00:52:41,359 --> 00:52:39,779 as we'd like it to be and we know 1218 00:52:43,189 --> 00:52:41,369 science has its own arrogance built in 1219 00:52:45,319 --> 00:52:43,199 and we try to temper that you know that 1220 00:52:47,359 --> 00:52:45,329 I've learned that of course as well and 1221 00:52:51,199 --> 00:52:47,369 so that's why I'm open-minded about 1222 00:52:54,979 --> 00:52:51,209 things but when you look at how planets 1223 00:52:57,079 --> 00:52:54,989 when they're found are examined you look 1224 00:52:59,109 --> 00:52:57,089 at the fact that maybe they got a they 1225 00:53:01,279 --> 00:52:59,119 saw the light diminish around the star a 1226 00:53:02,539 --> 00:53:01,289 little bit with the Kepler space 1227 00:53:04,249 --> 00:53:02,549 telescope it was looking for something 1228 00:53:06,319 --> 00:53:04,259 called the transit where the planet 1229 00:53:08,959 --> 00:53:06,329 passes between us and the star the light 1230 00:53:11,239 --> 00:53:08,969 dims imperceptibly by a little tiny 1231 00:53:13,519 --> 00:53:11,249 amount that you've never seen the 1232 00:53:15,140 --> 00:53:13,529 telescope yourself but that the Kepler 1233 00:53:17,779 --> 00:53:15,150 telescope up in space could see at the 1234 00:53:19,999 --> 00:53:17,789 time and that would be flagged as a 1235 00:53:22,219 --> 00:53:20,009 possibility well guess what 1236 00:53:25,549 --> 00:53:22,229 stars have a magnetic storms on their 1237 00:53:28,339 --> 00:53:25,559 surface - we do our Sun has things 1238 00:53:30,380 --> 00:53:28,349 called sunspots they dem the light of a 1239 00:53:32,959 --> 00:53:30,390 star imperceptibly is a little bit and 1240 00:53:34,969 --> 00:53:32,969 that would actually be misconstrued as a 1241 00:53:36,349 --> 00:53:34,979 planet passing another star if another 1242 00:53:40,699 --> 00:53:36,359 civilization was looking at this big 1243 00:53:42,799 --> 00:53:40,709 sunspot so we have to wait we have to 1244 00:53:45,739 --> 00:53:42,809 wait let time pass for instance or 1245 00:53:48,169 --> 00:53:45,749 analyzing one particular possibility so 1246 00:53:51,140 --> 00:53:48,179 if a Kepler Kennedy star has this 1247 00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:51,150 dimming we have to wait for the amount 1248 00:53:54,859 --> 00:53:52,650 of time it takes for the star to rotate 1249 00:53:55,909 --> 00:53:54,869 around once okay what's that mean it 1250 00:53:59,120 --> 00:53:55,919 means that we have to figure out how 1251 00:54:00,769 --> 00:53:59,130 fast the Stars rotating and then wait 1252 00:54:03,349 --> 00:54:00,779 for it to come around again and if that 1253 00:54:05,299 --> 00:54:03,359 thing is not there then we know there 1254 00:54:07,819 --> 00:54:05,309 was a Sun SPOT of star spot on the star 1255 00:54:11,779 --> 00:54:07,829 a transient phenomenon on the star 1256 00:54:14,539 --> 00:54:11,789 causing it but if it is still there all 1257 00:54:17,029 --> 00:54:14,549 right or if it takes a longer time no 1258 00:54:18,829 --> 00:54:17,039 for this this object to reappear over 1259 00:54:21,679 --> 00:54:18,839 time I mean it takes us one year to go 1260 00:54:22,459 --> 00:54:21,689 around the Sun and we're 93 million 1261 00:54:24,890 --> 00:54:22,469 miles away 1262 00:54:27,169 --> 00:54:24,900 now what if we're looking for another 1263 00:54:29,719 --> 00:54:27,179 planet okay I mean we have plans to take 1264 00:54:32,239 --> 00:54:29,729 tens of years to go around the Sun we 1265 00:54:35,269 --> 00:54:32,249 couldn't confirm another planet going 1266 00:54:39,289 --> 00:54:35,279 around a star you know for kind of tens 1267 00:54:41,719 --> 00:54:39,299 of years 300 years even so the 1268 00:54:43,909 --> 00:54:41,729 confirmation process is slow but you 1269 00:54:45,949 --> 00:54:43,919 know if we see this light dimming then 1270 00:54:46,700 --> 00:54:45,959 we have we do have other ways to figure 1271 00:54:48,050 --> 00:54:46,710 out 1272 00:54:49,910 --> 00:54:48,060 what's going on if we have to wait for 1273 00:54:52,940 --> 00:54:49,920 another transit it could be all that 1274 00:54:54,560 --> 00:54:52,950 long however we also have what's called 1275 00:54:56,210 --> 00:54:54,570 radial velocity studies we can actually 1276 00:54:58,070 --> 00:54:56,220 study the motion of the star itself 1277 00:54:59,750 --> 00:54:58,080 because as the planets going around the 1278 00:55:07,310 --> 00:54:59,760 starts tugging on the star a little bit 1279 00:55:09,950 --> 00:55:07,320 pulls it one way or the other it's it's 1280 00:55:11,300 --> 00:55:09,960 a wobble of the star but it's not the 1281 00:55:14,180 --> 00:55:11,310 physical wobble that we're looking at 1282 00:55:16,250 --> 00:55:14,190 it's the light change because when light 1283 00:55:18,470 --> 00:55:16,260 comes when an object that has a that's 1284 00:55:20,329 --> 00:55:18,480 emitting light comes toward you the 1285 00:55:22,970 --> 00:55:20,339 light is shifted toward the bluer end of 1286 00:55:24,440 --> 00:55:22,980 the spectrum higher energy when it goes 1287 00:55:26,570 --> 00:55:24,450 away from you it's shifted toward the 1288 00:55:26,980 --> 00:55:26,580 red end that's called blue shift and red 1289 00:55:30,829 --> 00:55:26,990 shift 1290 00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:30,839 jenos okay and the thing is that red 1291 00:55:36,440 --> 00:55:32,970 shift and that blue shift is very 1292 00:55:38,329 --> 00:55:36,450 important because we can calculate how 1293 00:55:41,960 --> 00:55:38,339 much it's moving and that can tell us 1294 00:55:45,170 --> 00:55:41,970 the potential mass of the object that's 1295 00:55:47,359 --> 00:55:45,180 causing that shift and if that 1296 00:55:48,950 --> 00:55:47,369 correlates exactly with the transit that 1297 00:55:51,470 --> 00:55:48,960 occurred where the light dims a little 1298 00:55:55,339 --> 00:55:51,480 bit that's a confirmation that we have a 1299 00:55:56,750 --> 00:55:55,349 planet okay and so there's several ways 1300 00:55:57,980 --> 00:55:56,760 you know there's ways in which we do 1301 00:56:00,140 --> 00:55:57,990 this either that's so the radial 1302 00:56:02,390 --> 00:56:00,150 velocity measurements are often done you 1303 00:56:03,980 --> 00:56:02,400 know while the transit has been when the 1304 00:56:06,620 --> 00:56:03,990 transits found that will do a radial 1305 00:56:09,440 --> 00:56:06,630 velocity study on the star to see which 1306 00:56:11,930 --> 00:56:09,450 way it's moving and see if the if 1307 00:56:13,550 --> 00:56:11,940 planets are causing that and there's 1308 00:56:16,310 --> 00:56:13,560 there's a number of other methods for 1309 00:56:17,510 --> 00:56:16,320 doing confirmations as well there's 1310 00:56:18,980 --> 00:56:17,520 other direct observations there's 1311 00:56:21,079 --> 00:56:18,990 infrared excess where they look for the 1312 00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:21,089 heat from the planet especially the ones 1313 00:56:24,920 --> 00:56:23,010 that are farther out like Jupiter Saturn 1314 00:56:27,320 --> 00:56:24,930 you know you're understand epi' tune in 1315 00:56:32,500 --> 00:56:27,330 our solar system and Pluto Pluto's a 1316 00:56:34,790 --> 00:56:32,510 planet don't even think it's not right I 1317 00:56:37,910 --> 00:56:34,800 have a question since you're talking a 1318 00:56:40,099 --> 00:56:37,920 little bit about energy the 1319 00:56:42,170 --> 00:56:40,109 technological level of a civilization 1320 00:56:46,160 --> 00:56:42,180 that can harness all the energy that 1321 00:56:49,820 --> 00:56:46,170 falls upon the planet from its parent 1322 00:56:54,460 --> 00:56:49,830 star yes I wanted to ask you is it 1323 00:56:59,259 --> 00:56:54,470 possible for our civilization our 1324 00:57:02,079 --> 00:56:59,269 worldwide civilization to harness energy 1325 00:57:04,299 --> 00:57:02,089 from the universe to use here locally on 1326 00:57:07,359 --> 00:57:04,309 planet earth and not just use the Sun 1327 00:57:09,009 --> 00:57:07,369 you know as its sole source but use any 1328 00:57:11,559 --> 00:57:09,019 other energy that we're not currently 1329 00:57:13,149 --> 00:57:11,569 using is that a wild idea or is that 1330 00:57:15,279 --> 00:57:13,159 rational is that possible 1331 00:57:16,799 --> 00:57:15,289 well I mean I I think that the Sun is 1332 00:57:20,439 --> 00:57:16,809 probably the best provider of the energy 1333 00:57:22,479 --> 00:57:20,449 you know in our local area but look I 1334 00:57:23,799 --> 00:57:22,489 mean I I designed Gulf Stream windmills 1335 00:57:25,539 --> 00:57:23,809 you could put a windmill on the Gulf 1336 00:57:27,549 --> 00:57:25,549 Stream yeah it would sit there and 1337 00:57:30,459 --> 00:57:27,559 slowly turn and slowly turn and develop 1338 00:57:32,049 --> 00:57:30,469 a huge amount of torque so to speak it's 1339 00:57:36,489 --> 00:57:32,059 not a motor that could actually provide 1340 00:57:38,169 --> 00:57:36,499 a lot of electricity and you know whales 1341 00:57:39,939 --> 00:57:38,179 wouldn't be bothered by it or an easy 1342 00:57:42,249 --> 00:57:39,949 life because they'd moved so slowly a 1343 00:57:44,229 --> 00:57:42,259 submarine could go right through it 1344 00:57:48,130 --> 00:57:44,239 and it'd be like fabric veins that 1345 00:57:49,899 --> 00:57:48,140 wouldn't even in you know deform and get 1346 00:57:51,249 --> 00:57:49,909 ruined by a sub passing through they 1347 00:57:52,779 --> 00:57:51,259 were just to form around the sub and 1348 00:57:54,939 --> 00:57:52,789 then come back to normal after the sub 1349 00:57:57,569 --> 00:57:54,949 passed through if it didn't get tangled 1350 00:58:00,519 --> 00:57:57,579 you know but the fact of the matter is 1351 00:58:02,769 --> 00:58:00,529 you know we we have wave energy we have 1352 00:58:04,779 --> 00:58:02,779 a wind energy we have solar energy and 1353 00:58:07,269 --> 00:58:04,789 we also have the Sun itself to take 1354 00:58:10,329 --> 00:58:07,279 radiative energy from the Sun unlike 1355 00:58:12,219 --> 00:58:10,339 solar panels and convert say the the 1356 00:58:14,919 --> 00:58:12,229 energy from the Sun into say microwaves 1357 00:58:17,859 --> 00:58:14,929 to beam it back to the earth into from 1358 00:58:20,589 --> 00:58:17,869 orbiting satellites that are around the 1359 00:58:21,879 --> 00:58:20,599 Sun and those satellites could then be 1360 00:58:23,499 --> 00:58:21,889 in this microwave energy to the earth 1361 00:58:25,620 --> 00:58:23,509 which could be captured and stored and 1362 00:58:29,620 --> 00:58:25,630 then we'd be using more of the energy 1363 00:58:31,299 --> 00:58:29,630 from the Sun now you know you've Freeman 1364 00:58:34,659 --> 00:58:31,309 Dyson and you're probably familiar with 1365 00:58:37,149 --> 00:58:34,669 what's called the Dyson Sphere he 1366 00:58:38,799 --> 00:58:37,159 suggested that a civilization of Merit 1367 00:58:41,409 --> 00:58:38,809 might actually be able to build an 1368 00:58:44,319 --> 00:58:41,419 entire spherical construct around their 1369 00:58:47,049 --> 00:58:44,329 star trapping the stars energy entirely 1370 00:58:48,249 --> 00:58:47,059 within the sphere capturing the energy 1371 00:58:50,829 --> 00:58:48,259 on the inside of the surface of the 1372 00:58:52,029 --> 00:58:50,839 sphere and thus they have 100% of the 1373 00:58:53,859 --> 00:58:52,039 energy from their star that they can 1374 00:58:56,979 --> 00:58:53,869 capture that was that was actually 1375 00:58:59,499 --> 00:58:56,989 suggested very on a regarding tabbies 1376 00:59:03,189 --> 00:58:59,509 star not too long ago yeah at that 1377 00:59:04,449 --> 00:59:03,199 sector where I'm going no it's okay no 1378 00:59:08,829 --> 00:59:04,459 it's good that's synergy here that's 1379 00:59:11,150 --> 00:59:08,839 good no that's okay you I was gonna just 1380 00:59:14,270 --> 00:59:11,160 say that 1381 00:59:16,640 --> 00:59:14,280 this concept of putting a gigantic 1382 00:59:18,320 --> 00:59:16,650 sphere around the star is really 1383 00:59:20,150 --> 00:59:18,330 impractical even probably for an 1384 00:59:22,040 --> 00:59:20,160 advanced civilization because material 1385 00:59:24,830 --> 00:59:22,050 strength based on what we know about the 1386 00:59:27,020 --> 00:59:24,840 periodic table material strength is not 1387 00:59:30,560 --> 00:59:27,030 going to be able to withstand the forces 1388 00:59:33,020 --> 00:59:30,570 on it to be able to create such a 1389 00:59:35,120 --> 00:59:33,030 gigantic construct so what's it mean and 1390 00:59:37,250 --> 00:59:35,130 first of all we don't know that there's 1391 00:59:38,540 --> 00:59:37,260 that much material available in a solar 1392 00:59:41,570 --> 00:59:38,550 system to do that it would certainly 1393 00:59:43,310 --> 00:59:41,580 have to borrow it from other places they 1394 00:59:45,650 --> 00:59:43,320 certainly can't build a sphere around 1395 00:59:47,690 --> 00:59:45,660 their star based on having materials 1396 00:59:49,010 --> 00:59:47,700 just from their planet you know they'd 1397 00:59:50,330 --> 00:59:49,020 have to probably use every planet they 1398 00:59:52,430 --> 00:59:50,340 have in their solar system and then 1399 00:59:55,790 --> 00:59:52,440 something many more planets elsewhere to 1400 00:59:58,640 --> 00:59:55,800 generate the materials but that said the 1401 00:59:59,150 --> 00:59:58,650 better way is to create not a Dyson 1402 01:00:03,380 --> 00:59:59,160 Sphere 1403 01:00:05,870 --> 01:00:03,390 but a Dyson swarm and a Dyson swarm is 1404 01:00:08,810 --> 01:00:05,880 like thousands millions of satellites 1405 01:00:10,760 --> 01:00:08,820 going around the star in you know these 1406 01:00:13,490 --> 01:00:10,770 heliocentric orbits around the star and 1407 01:00:15,380 --> 01:00:13,500 they would capture the the energy from 1408 01:00:17,390 --> 01:00:15,390 the star and then beam it to the planet 1409 01:00:19,840 --> 01:00:17,400 so you could have millions of satellites 1410 01:00:23,420 --> 01:00:19,850 beaming energy probably in microwave 1411 01:00:26,330 --> 01:00:23,430 back to the planet and being captured by 1412 01:00:27,800 --> 01:00:26,340 microwave collectors in orbit storing 1413 01:00:31,040 --> 01:00:27,810 and transporting it to the ground and 1414 01:00:33,470 --> 01:00:31,050 now the civilization there would be in a 1415 01:00:36,950 --> 01:00:33,480 much better shape much better condition 1416 01:00:39,770 --> 01:00:36,960 and energy would be basically free for 1417 01:00:41,240 --> 01:00:39,780 that civilization and a lot has to 1418 01:00:43,520 --> 01:00:41,250 happen for something like that to happen 1419 01:00:45,260 --> 01:00:43,530 you know it that is eight that is a 1420 01:00:47,270 --> 01:00:45,270 choice that's made by an entire 1421 01:00:51,200 --> 01:00:47,280 civilization it's nothing that a country 1422 01:00:53,270 --> 01:00:51,210 can undertake okay now with tabi star 1423 01:00:55,700 --> 01:00:53,280 Tabitha Boyajian found that that you 1424 01:00:57,290 --> 01:00:55,710 know this planet that are the star 1425 01:00:59,300 --> 01:00:57,300 rather the star like around this planet 1426 01:01:02,870 --> 01:00:59,310 and I run this the starlight was dimming 1427 01:01:04,550 --> 01:01:02,880 and they saw this in the Kepler data but 1428 01:01:06,290 --> 01:01:04,560 then they discovered that the star has 1429 01:01:09,680 --> 01:01:06,300 been erratically dimming for over a 1430 01:01:11,870 --> 01:01:09,690 hundred years and they were thinking wow 1431 01:01:14,090 --> 01:01:11,880 what is it a swarm of comets is an 1432 01:01:17,000 --> 01:01:14,100 interstellar dust cloud and then of 1433 01:01:18,890 --> 01:01:17,010 course someone said is it a Dyson swarm 1434 01:01:20,240 --> 01:01:18,900 being constructed around the star and 1435 01:01:22,850 --> 01:01:20,250 little by little the light is being 1436 01:01:23,630 --> 01:01:22,860 diminished well I'd like to say that 1437 01:01:25,039 --> 01:01:23,640 that's true 1438 01:01:28,819 --> 01:01:25,049 the only problem is 1439 01:01:30,229 --> 01:01:28,829 it's not a steady diminishment a steady 1440 01:01:33,739 --> 01:01:30,239 diminishing of the light it's actually 1441 01:01:35,569 --> 01:01:33,749 kind of erratic much more like a cloud 1442 01:01:39,529 --> 01:01:35,579 getting in the way 1443 01:01:41,380 --> 01:01:39,539 so although tabatha Boyajian is a 1444 01:01:46,729 --> 01:01:41,390 wonderful astronomer and I really 1445 01:01:49,279 --> 01:01:46,739 respect her I do think that as a woman 1446 01:01:52,399 --> 01:01:49,289 in science you know she was very brave 1447 01:01:54,799 --> 01:01:52,409 to come out and suggest that this could 1448 01:01:58,059 --> 01:01:54,809 also be a civilization creating this I 1449 01:02:00,529 --> 01:01:58,069 mean that's a career killer to say that 1450 01:02:04,569 --> 01:02:00,539 so I wanted to mention to you we have a 1451 01:02:07,279 --> 01:02:04,579 wonderful person with us tonight and 1452 01:02:11,449 --> 01:02:07,289 it's a good friend of yours Alejandro 1453 01:02:14,509 --> 01:02:11,459 Rojas Alejandro yes yeah yes he is a 1454 01:02:16,969 --> 01:02:14,519 friend of yours and he just thinks the 1455 01:02:19,429 --> 01:02:16,979 world of you and he and Karen do and he 1456 01:02:22,999 --> 01:02:19,439 asked a question he wanted to know how 1457 01:02:25,699 --> 01:02:23,009 close are we to cold fusion we always 1458 01:02:27,079 --> 01:02:25,709 say 10 years right Wow regular fusion 1459 01:02:32,599 --> 01:02:27,089 they always say 10 years I heard that 1460 01:02:35,779 --> 01:02:32,609 for 30 years now so cold fusion may or 1461 01:02:37,669 --> 01:02:35,789 may not exist I mean I know you know we 1462 01:02:41,109 --> 01:02:37,679 need to figure out fusion I mean fusion 1463 01:02:45,319 --> 01:02:41,119 and our Sun occurs at 13 million degrees 1464 01:02:48,409 --> 01:02:45,329 and so actually 13 million Kelvin which 1465 01:02:51,139 --> 01:02:48,419 is a very very much higher temperature 1466 01:02:55,370 --> 01:02:51,149 in Fahrenheit so I want to say to you 1467 01:02:57,769 --> 01:02:55,380 that when we look at we look at fusion 1468 01:03:00,259 --> 01:02:57,779 we're talking about taking you know the 1469 01:03:06,259 --> 01:03:00,269 the raw material hydrogen gas and a star 1470 01:03:09,559 --> 01:03:06,269 and converting it into helium basically 1471 01:03:10,879 --> 01:03:09,569 and the process is pretty long you know 1472 01:03:13,209 --> 01:03:10,889 there's a bunch of steps that it takes 1473 01:03:15,499 --> 01:03:13,219 to do that it's called the proton proton 1474 01:03:18,559 --> 01:03:15,509 reaction or chain it's not really a 1475 01:03:21,019 --> 01:03:18,569 chain but it is that and so hydrogen is 1476 01:03:24,229 --> 01:03:21,029 converted to helium in our star that 1477 01:03:33,379 --> 01:03:24,239 process requires 13 million kelvins to 1478 01:03:35,659 --> 01:03:33,389 do and that that is actually the 1479 01:03:38,450 --> 01:03:35,669 smallest temperature you can have to 1480 01:03:40,640 --> 01:03:38,460 have fusion so to make this same 1481 01:03:45,559 --> 01:03:40,650 process occur on earth we would have to 1482 01:03:48,010 --> 01:03:45,569 do this as well down here and fusion is 1483 01:03:50,599 --> 01:03:48,020 just at that temperature you can imagine 1484 01:03:53,299 --> 01:03:50,609 we can't do that for more than a 1485 01:03:55,520 --> 01:03:53,309 millisecond because the temperatures are 1486 01:03:58,010 --> 01:03:55,530 so hot that we don't have anything that 1487 01:03:59,740 --> 01:03:58,020 can contain that temperature there's no 1488 01:04:03,049 --> 01:03:59,750 material we have that can contain that 1489 01:04:06,710 --> 01:04:03,059 so how would we do it that's really one 1490 01:04:11,299 --> 01:04:06,720 of the biggest hurdles sea is containing 1491 01:04:13,250 --> 01:04:11,309 the reaction now you would talk a little 1492 01:04:16,339 --> 01:04:13,260 bit about satellites I see you on our 1493 01:04:18,380 --> 01:04:16,349 list of topics to discuss you're talking 1494 01:04:21,319 --> 01:04:18,390 about satellites in the sky not being 1495 01:04:24,589 --> 01:04:21,329 crap I'm doing enough sky watching and 1496 01:04:27,490 --> 01:04:24,599 yeah you do spot them and there are some 1497 01:04:32,210 --> 01:04:27,500 people who suggest you know where when 1498 01:04:35,150 --> 01:04:32,220 the usually it's a solar panel on the 1499 01:04:38,210 --> 01:04:35,160 satellite that catches the Sun in just 1500 01:04:40,120 --> 01:04:38,220 the right angle the satellite will flare 1501 01:04:44,839 --> 01:04:40,130 up and they're called Iridium flares 1502 01:04:47,660 --> 01:04:44,849 they are spectacular to see but it's not 1503 01:04:49,700 --> 01:04:47,670 the ETS responding to people on the 1504 01:04:51,589 --> 01:04:49,710 ground saying oh please show us you're 1505 01:04:54,559 --> 01:04:51,599 really extraterrestrial and the thing 1506 01:04:57,049 --> 01:04:54,569 brightens up and everybody thinks so et 1507 01:05:01,160 --> 01:04:57,059 is communicating with us that is not the 1508 01:05:03,530 --> 01:05:01,170 case is that about right yeah I mean my 1509 01:05:04,849 --> 01:05:03,540 view okay I don't believe it everything 1510 01:05:09,589 --> 01:05:04,859 that goes through the sky without 1511 01:05:12,020 --> 01:05:09,599 blinking an FAA mandated light scheme is 1512 01:05:13,700 --> 01:05:12,030 a UFO I know that there's some people to 1513 01:05:18,470 --> 01:05:13,710 take people out on a Sky Watch who try 1514 01:05:20,150 --> 01:05:18,480 to say that satellites do not you know 1515 01:05:21,589 --> 01:05:20,160 disappear when they're over your head 1516 01:05:25,099 --> 01:05:21,599 you know is that you see them coming the 1517 01:05:28,760 --> 01:05:25,109 advantage over your head that's actually 1518 01:05:30,490 --> 01:05:28,770 untrue in fact most satellites will 1519 01:05:32,329 --> 01:05:30,500 disappear somewhere over your head 1520 01:05:34,910 --> 01:05:32,339 depending on what time that you're 1521 01:05:38,480 --> 01:05:34,920 watching and that that angle which they 1522 01:05:41,839 --> 01:05:38,490 disappear gets no steeper and steeper as 1523 01:05:43,130 --> 01:05:41,849 the night progresses and the altitude of 1524 01:05:45,920 --> 01:05:43,140 the satellite max like well actually 1525 01:05:47,120 --> 01:05:45,930 they do every time their light is 1526 01:05:49,220 --> 01:05:47,130 changing to be yellow and the reason is 1527 01:05:52,130 --> 01:05:49,230 because from their point of view which 1528 01:05:54,290 --> 01:05:52,140 is hard for people to put 1529 01:05:56,120 --> 01:05:54,300 the perspective sometimes from a 1530 01:05:58,630 --> 01:05:56,130 satellites point of view the satellite 1531 01:06:01,610 --> 01:05:58,640 is dimming because it's seeing sunset 1532 01:06:02,960 --> 01:06:01,620 red point of view it's going around the 1533 01:06:04,340 --> 01:06:02,970 edge of the earth where the Sun is now 1534 01:06:06,680 --> 01:06:04,350 reaching and going through more 1535 01:06:10,220 --> 01:06:06,690 atmosphere and just like on earth it's 1536 01:06:12,050 --> 01:06:10,230 seeing a reddish sunset and so it sees a 1537 01:06:14,510 --> 01:06:12,060 red ring a red red sunset around the 1538 01:06:16,040 --> 01:06:14,520 Earth and as it sees that the colors 1539 01:06:17,450 --> 01:06:16,050 hitting it are gonna be redder and it's 1540 01:06:20,480 --> 01:06:17,460 gonna turn more and more yellow and 1541 01:06:22,670 --> 01:06:20,490 probably even red depending on its orbit 1542 01:06:25,060 --> 01:06:22,680 and speed and that's the thing that I 1543 01:06:27,850 --> 01:06:25,070 think people have to realize you know 1544 01:06:30,050 --> 01:06:27,860 and I've been in a few sky watches where 1545 01:06:33,760 --> 01:06:30,060 people have said those kinds of things 1546 01:06:36,170 --> 01:06:33,770 and I've gently corrected him you know a 1547 01:06:38,170 --> 01:06:36,180 loyal listener he's always with us we 1548 01:06:40,970 --> 01:06:38,180 love him his name is Michael Boyle and 1549 01:06:44,180 --> 01:06:40,980 he asked I wonder if millions and 1550 01:06:46,250 --> 01:06:44,190 trillions of nano satellites create 1551 01:06:48,410 --> 01:06:46,260 these Dyson swarms and maybe they're 1552 01:06:54,620 --> 01:06:48,420 actually visiting our Sun how do you 1553 01:06:56,750 --> 01:06:54,630 feel about that you know I might as a 1554 01:07:01,940 --> 01:06:56,760 person of science I can't say that it's 1555 01:07:04,490 --> 01:07:01,950 preposterous I mean I don't think that 1556 01:07:06,410 --> 01:07:04,500 anyone can say that I mean if I were to 1557 01:07:08,810 --> 01:07:06,420 say no that's impossible then that's 1558 01:07:10,190 --> 01:07:08,820 arrogance it's the very arrogance that I 1559 01:07:14,540 --> 01:07:10,200 rally against you know and I rail 1560 01:07:16,430 --> 01:07:14,550 against so I can't say it's not true but 1561 01:07:18,380 --> 01:07:16,440 I'm not saying it is I mean I there's I 1562 01:07:19,970 --> 01:07:18,390 just said well at this point I don't 1563 01:07:20,870 --> 01:07:19,980 know I haven't really researched that at 1564 01:07:27,140 --> 01:07:20,880 all 1565 01:07:30,020 --> 01:07:27,150 statement I wanted to make from the 1566 01:07:32,180 --> 01:07:30,030 crowd that just loves you here Alejandro 1567 01:07:35,480 --> 01:07:32,190 said Karen says mark should be a science 1568 01:07:37,580 --> 01:07:35,490 professor just so you know okay 1569 01:07:40,280 --> 01:07:37,590 wonderful girl she's wonderful we love 1570 01:07:41,840 --> 01:07:40,290 Karen pirard yes and UFO Congress of 1571 01:07:44,060 --> 01:07:41,850 course everybody needs to go to UFO 1572 01:07:46,190 --> 01:07:44,070 Congress right I'm speaking there in 1573 01:07:47,510 --> 01:07:46,200 September yes you are yes everybody 1574 01:07:49,490 --> 01:07:47,520 needs to go there because there's gonna 1575 01:07:50,900 --> 01:07:49,500 be plenty of wonderful speakers and go 1576 01:07:52,700 --> 01:07:50,910 there to listen to mark I'm gonna go 1577 01:07:54,560 --> 01:07:52,710 there to listen and Mark myself and I'm 1578 01:08:00,800 --> 01:07:54,570 also gonna yes I'm gonna interview you 1579 01:08:01,460 --> 01:08:00,810 there anyway good luck mark yeah got 1580 01:08:05,450 --> 01:08:01,470 very warm 1581 01:08:07,510 --> 01:08:05,460 you were warned okay so I'm mark my 1582 01:08:11,330 --> 01:08:07,520 question is the issue of belief and 1583 01:08:14,960 --> 01:08:11,340 emotion and science and evidence issue a 1584 01:08:18,170 --> 01:08:14,970 belief emotion and science in evidence 1585 01:08:20,120 --> 01:08:18,180 can you cover that topic yeah I actually 1586 01:08:23,660 --> 01:08:20,130 I have a little bit I can mention about 1587 01:08:26,360 --> 01:08:23,670 that um one of the things that I like to 1588 01:08:29,120 --> 01:08:26,370 tell people is that to believe in 1589 01:08:31,220 --> 01:08:29,130 something is okay but you need evidence 1590 01:08:32,599 --> 01:08:31,230 to support it for that belief especially 1591 01:08:35,240 --> 01:08:32,609 if you're trying to say 1592 01:08:36,920 --> 01:08:35,250 unknown submerged objects exist well why 1593 01:08:39,170 --> 01:08:36,930 do you say that because I believe that 1594 01:08:40,880 --> 01:08:39,180 UFOs can operate underwater 1595 01:08:43,329 --> 01:08:40,890 why do you think that's true because I 1596 01:08:47,390 --> 01:08:43,339 just believe it I mean that's a belief 1597 01:08:49,970 --> 01:08:47,400 what's your proof well I just think they 1598 01:08:54,650 --> 01:08:49,980 can okay usually that's kind of what you 1599 01:08:57,260 --> 01:08:54,660 get but scientist E is always behind the 1600 01:09:01,249 --> 01:08:57,270 curve we don't have good enough science 1601 01:09:05,539 --> 01:09:01,259 to actually even explain how these UFO 1602 01:09:07,160 --> 01:09:05,549 objects can travel in our atmosphere one 1603 01:09:09,620 --> 01:09:07,170 of the people that I would suggest you 1604 01:09:11,539 --> 01:09:09,630 talk to it was Robert Schroeder I don't 1605 01:09:13,039 --> 01:09:11,549 know if you've talked to Bob at all but 1606 01:09:15,680 --> 01:09:13,049 he's a friend of mine and he's written a 1607 01:09:17,380 --> 01:09:15,690 book called solving the UFO enigma he's 1608 01:09:20,420 --> 01:09:17,390 an aerospace engineer who was actually 1609 01:09:24,499 --> 01:09:20,430 go through his book and discusses string 1610 01:09:29,530 --> 01:09:24,509 theory and why UFO propulsion that uses 1611 01:09:32,930 --> 01:09:29,540 string theory tenets is a viable 1612 01:09:35,329 --> 01:09:32,940 possibility viable hypotheses now can it 1613 01:09:37,430 --> 01:09:35,339 be tested well not neat not yet but Doug 1614 01:09:42,019 --> 01:09:37,440 Trumbull and I are creating these they 1615 01:09:44,959 --> 01:09:42,029 were called you photographers that 1616 01:09:48,769 --> 01:09:44,969 having UF owned the name doesn't bring 1617 01:09:50,450 --> 01:09:48,779 funding okay we're fighting that too you 1618 01:09:55,130 --> 01:09:50,460 know the media the media is changing but 1619 01:09:57,470 --> 01:09:55,140 not fast enough and the aerial anomaly 1620 01:09:59,930 --> 01:09:57,480 detection system is going to use a units 1621 01:10:03,440 --> 01:09:59,940 on board that will look for telltale 1622 01:10:06,229 --> 01:10:03,450 signs that Bob Schroeder's thoughts are 1623 01:10:08,660 --> 01:10:06,239 in play okay and that is the production 1624 01:10:11,150 --> 01:10:08,670 of certain radiation that comes every 1625 01:10:13,370 --> 01:10:11,160 time the these objects appear and 1626 01:10:14,860 --> 01:10:13,380 disappear from our skies now we're not 1627 01:10:16,330 --> 01:10:14,870 talking about like 1628 01:10:17,890 --> 01:10:16,340 originally unit at Doug Trumbull had 1629 01:10:19,960 --> 01:10:17,900 which was a Humvee outfitted with it 1630 01:10:24,430 --> 01:10:19,970 once it telescopes it would rise out of 1631 01:10:27,450 --> 01:10:24,440 the top that was great and but when Doug 1632 01:10:32,400 --> 01:10:27,460 and I met six or seven years ago um we 1633 01:10:36,580 --> 01:10:32,410 met because I did an NPR show on 1634 01:10:38,050 --> 01:10:36,590 Connecticut's x-files and at the end of 1635 01:10:39,280 --> 01:10:38,060 that the guy said that the host said I 1636 01:10:41,410 --> 01:10:39,290 got to get you on with Douglas Trumbull 1637 01:10:43,420 --> 01:10:41,420 I said Doug Trumbull and to me that was 1638 01:10:45,040 --> 01:10:43,430 a childhood idol what did you tell the 1639 01:10:47,230 --> 01:10:45,050 folks who aren't familiar with Doug's 1640 01:10:50,650 --> 01:10:47,240 work a little bit about him that was 1641 01:10:54,910 --> 01:10:50,660 just about it okay Frank you should be 1642 01:10:57,450 --> 01:10:54,920 here that's cool 1643 01:11:00,730 --> 01:10:57,460 Doug troubles Academy Award winner he 1644 01:11:03,400 --> 01:11:00,740 did 2001 a Space Odyssey with Stanley 1645 01:11:06,180 --> 01:11:03,410 Kubrick I mean the master he saw 1646 01:11:09,670 --> 01:11:06,190 Kubrick's methods in his head and 1647 01:11:11,230 --> 01:11:09,680 brought it to life and he does wonderful 1648 01:11:12,610 --> 01:11:11,240 talks on all these by the way if you 1649 01:11:14,800 --> 01:11:12,620 ever get a chance to hear Doug talk 1650 01:11:16,090 --> 01:11:14,810 about those experiences oh my gosh I've 1651 01:11:17,950 --> 01:11:16,100 seen these talks so many times it's 1652 01:11:19,750 --> 01:11:17,960 funny as heck when you hear how they did 1653 01:11:23,020 --> 01:11:19,760 some of these effects especially before 1654 01:11:24,370 --> 01:11:23,030 they had computers yeah use the guy well 1655 01:11:26,590 --> 01:11:24,380 I don't know if he invented it but he 1656 01:11:31,480 --> 01:11:26,600 used that I guess a known technique to 1657 01:11:34,240 --> 01:11:31,490 create that infinity wormhole that was 1658 01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:34,250 right and we just do these incredible 1659 01:11:38,290 --> 01:11:36,410 recreate me just invent new ways to do 1660 01:11:40,870 --> 01:11:38,300 things as wonderful working with Doug 1661 01:11:42,100 --> 01:11:40,880 and so Doug you know he did Blade Runner 1662 01:11:43,720 --> 01:11:42,110 he did Close Encounters of the Third 1663 01:11:44,980 --> 01:11:43,730 Kind which actually brought probably 1664 01:11:48,550 --> 01:11:44,990 some of the people listening to your 1665 01:11:52,000 --> 01:11:48,560 show you know to you apology was seeing 1666 01:11:54,310 --> 01:11:52,010 the light show and the effects that Doug 1667 01:11:58,120 --> 01:11:54,320 created for that know what Spielberg and 1668 01:12:00,540 --> 01:11:58,130 then so I was just fascinated with Doug 1669 01:12:04,750 --> 01:12:00,550 for years and and you know shows like 1670 01:12:07,060 --> 01:12:04,760 you know what is it you know he has a 1671 01:12:10,150 --> 01:12:07,070 guy she's got so many shows brainstorm 1672 01:12:11,680 --> 01:12:10,160 he did a movie you know Natalie Wood 1673 01:12:14,320 --> 01:12:11,690 actually died during the making of that 1674 01:12:16,030 --> 01:12:14,330 movie and that was his reason for 1675 01:12:17,890 --> 01:12:16,040 leaving Hollywood where he was born and 1676 01:12:20,590 --> 01:12:17,900 raised and he moved into the hills of 1677 01:12:21,970 --> 01:12:20,600 Western Massachusetts and it's where 1678 01:12:25,020 --> 01:12:21,980 they are that he created the Back to the 1679 01:12:28,330 --> 01:12:25,030 Future ride at Disney or universal right 1680 01:12:31,270 --> 01:12:28,340 and it became the the 1681 01:12:34,090 --> 01:12:31,280 quintessential ride where you were 1682 01:12:37,480 --> 01:12:34,100 immersed in an environment fully 1683 01:12:40,060 --> 01:12:37,490 immersive and he invented that 1684 01:12:43,450 --> 01:12:40,070 technology and so he used it it looks or 1685 01:12:45,040 --> 01:12:43,460 and other rides made you know belted 1686 01:12:47,620 --> 01:12:45,050 this out and used it as a technique as 1687 01:12:51,280 --> 01:12:47,630 well tremendous and then of course he 1688 01:12:53,530 --> 01:12:51,290 was the CEO of IMAX in the 90s for a 1689 01:12:55,690 --> 01:12:53,540 long time actually and he parted ways 1690 01:12:57,100 --> 01:12:55,700 with them when they didn't want to do 1691 01:12:59,440 --> 01:12:57,110 what we're doing now with the studio up 1692 01:13:02,380 --> 01:12:59,450 there and that is used higher frame rate 1693 01:13:06,040 --> 01:13:02,390 technology in full 3d with brighter 1694 01:13:08,170 --> 01:13:06,050 screens and it's just amazing with a 1695 01:13:10,660 --> 01:13:08,180 highest resolution and you know that 1696 01:13:14,740 --> 01:13:10,670 that kind of technology which he calls 1697 01:13:19,960 --> 01:13:14,750 magi ma GI is something that is going to 1698 01:13:22,960 --> 01:13:19,970 usher in a whole new era of of well I 1699 01:13:25,030 --> 01:13:22,970 should say moviemaking and also movies 1700 01:13:26,440 --> 01:13:25,040 now a lot of Directors have already used 1701 01:13:28,780 --> 01:13:26,450 this technique in their films 1702 01:13:31,390 --> 01:13:28,790 i-isn't Cameron a big proponent of the 1703 01:13:33,370 --> 01:13:31,400 faster frame rate yes actually he was 1704 01:13:36,820 --> 01:13:33,380 he's been up there a few times actually 1705 01:13:39,460 --> 01:13:36,830 at the studio and angly was there a few 1706 01:13:41,740 --> 01:13:39,470 times I mean these guys have you know 1707 01:13:43,780 --> 01:13:41,750 there's a lot of people in Hollywood are 1708 01:13:44,380 --> 01:13:43,790 embracing the technology for all the 1709 01:13:47,230 --> 01:13:44,390 right reasons 1710 01:13:49,120 --> 01:13:47,240 you know it's just that the movie houses 1711 01:13:51,850 --> 01:13:49,130 and so forth when they play the movies 1712 01:13:53,530 --> 01:13:51,860 you know they want to pack in people 1713 01:13:56,890 --> 01:13:53,540 they aren't thinking of the technology 1714 01:13:58,930 --> 01:13:56,900 so they have to get it right and you 1715 01:14:01,870 --> 01:13:58,940 know it's a slow grind but you know what 1716 01:14:04,950 --> 01:14:01,880 they're gonna get it right and so being 1717 01:14:07,680 --> 01:14:04,960 that it's not getting done right Doug 1718 01:14:11,050 --> 01:14:07,690 invented this this these pods these 1719 01:14:13,780 --> 01:14:11,060 mobile theaters that you can just take 1720 01:14:15,370 --> 01:14:13,790 and show it right and I have to tell you 1721 01:14:17,980 --> 01:14:15,380 I've been there and the inventor of the 1722 01:14:19,570 --> 01:14:17,990 woofer created the sound system for our 1723 01:14:20,440 --> 01:14:19,580 pods that are up there and I gotta tell 1724 01:14:23,890 --> 01:14:20,450 you that when you're sitting there 1725 01:14:27,010 --> 01:14:23,900 watching a movie you know I have to tell 1726 01:14:30,340 --> 01:14:27,020 you this is funny story um he put the 1727 01:14:32,260 --> 01:14:30,350 shuttle launch on you know in a one of 1728 01:14:33,820 --> 01:14:32,270 our pods up there and you're watching 1729 01:14:35,920 --> 01:14:33,830 the shuttle launch and you're going from 1730 01:14:39,910 --> 01:14:35,930 the ground from the Cape all the way to 1731 01:14:42,099 --> 01:14:39,920 space alright and you are sitting there 1732 01:14:44,049 --> 01:14:42,109 seeing it from different perspectives 1733 01:14:45,609 --> 01:14:44,059 and when the shuttle fires off you will 1734 01:14:47,529 --> 01:14:45,619 swear that you are in the shuttle 1735 01:14:50,169 --> 01:14:47,539 because all the seeds start bouncing 1736 01:14:53,189 --> 01:14:50,179 alright and the bouncing is passive 1737 01:14:55,959 --> 01:14:53,199 created by infrasound sound you cannot 1738 01:14:58,449 --> 01:14:55,969 hear but that is coursing through your 1739 01:15:00,939 --> 01:14:58,459 body and your seats it makes those seeds 1740 01:15:02,649 --> 01:15:00,949 vibrate and bounce up and down and it's 1741 01:15:05,529 --> 01:15:02,659 not sound you hear the sound you hear is 1742 01:15:08,649 --> 01:15:05,539 a different engineered sound alright but 1743 01:15:10,629 --> 01:15:08,659 it adds this this next dimension to a 1744 01:15:12,549 --> 01:15:10,639 ride experience for instance and so you 1745 01:15:14,199 --> 01:15:12,559 go all the way to space and I was 1746 01:15:17,439 --> 01:15:14,209 sitting there watching this for the 1747 01:15:19,479 --> 01:15:17,449 first time and in the middle of it I 1748 01:15:22,000 --> 01:15:19,489 look over at him and he's looking at me 1749 01:15:23,259 --> 01:15:22,010 with this funny look because I realized 1750 01:15:24,179 --> 01:15:23,269 at that point I was screaming like a 1751 01:15:26,649 --> 01:15:24,189 little girl 1752 01:15:30,629 --> 01:15:26,659 okay watching this because I'm so 1753 01:15:37,959 --> 01:15:35,290 and because I I had a debate with him 1754 01:15:40,029 --> 01:15:37,969 about whether you know we should 1755 01:15:42,729 --> 01:15:40,039 consider say using these these rides 1756 01:15:44,619 --> 01:15:42,739 simulators these f-16 simulators to 1757 01:15:47,469 --> 01:15:44,629 actually move people around actually 1758 01:15:48,579 --> 01:15:47,479 give them the feelings you know and he 1759 01:15:50,169 --> 01:15:48,589 said no I think we can do with 1760 01:15:51,549 --> 01:15:50,179 infrasound and I didn't like that I 1761 01:15:53,859 --> 01:15:51,559 thought that idea wouldn't work but what 1762 01:15:56,859 --> 01:15:53,869 do I know you know well so he did it his 1763 01:15:59,009 --> 01:15:56,869 way and the first time I rode that that 1764 01:16:04,000 --> 01:15:59,019 fast and I call it a ride 1765 01:16:06,969 --> 01:16:04,010 went through that I was like wow he was 1766 01:16:10,119 --> 01:16:06,979 right I'm gonna date myself a little bit 1767 01:16:11,529 --> 01:16:10,129 here mark but there were a few movies 1768 01:16:13,750 --> 01:16:11,539 that tried out something called 1769 01:16:16,599 --> 01:16:13,760 Sensurround in the 70s do you remember 1770 01:16:18,219 --> 01:16:16,609 that at all yeah I do okay did you ever 1771 01:16:18,549 --> 01:16:18,229 see a movie with out there there was one 1772 01:16:22,599 --> 01:16:18,559 called 1773 01:16:25,000 --> 01:16:22,609 earthquake where did you ever see a 1774 01:16:27,369 --> 01:16:25,010 movie like that gag is the experience 1775 01:16:29,319 --> 01:16:27,379 can you explain the difference in the 1776 01:16:31,419 --> 01:16:29,329 experience for yeah I mean he's probably 1777 01:16:33,069 --> 01:16:31,429 that nobody's actually listening that I 1778 01:16:35,199 --> 01:16:33,079 saw that movie in the theater would that 1779 01:16:36,489 --> 01:16:35,209 would that set up it was interesting 1780 01:16:38,439 --> 01:16:36,499 though it was a there was a nice little 1781 01:16:39,489 --> 01:16:38,449 gimmick but that sounds like it's a 1782 01:16:42,849 --> 01:16:39,499 little bit more than that 1783 01:16:44,349 --> 01:16:42,859 yeah much more than that actually that 1784 01:16:44,799 --> 01:16:44,359 the sound engineering is very very 1785 01:16:46,810 --> 01:16:44,809 different 1786 01:16:48,969 --> 01:16:46,820 you're there in sense Ron you just had 1787 01:16:51,609 --> 01:16:48,979 you know for instance if you heard that 1788 01:16:53,589 --> 01:16:51,619 loud horn behind you and it was sort of 1789 01:16:55,180 --> 01:16:53,599 behind you the actor on the screen you'd 1790 01:16:56,800 --> 01:16:55,190 hear from behind you 1791 01:16:58,570 --> 01:16:56,810 so it was kind of giving you the feeling 1792 01:17:01,209 --> 01:16:58,580 that this the sensors that the sensory 1793 01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:01,219 sounds were actually coming you know 1794 01:17:06,910 --> 01:17:05,210 from these different locations sound 1795 01:17:09,550 --> 01:17:06,920 would travel from left to right right to 1796 01:17:11,950 --> 01:17:09,560 left properly and in a very very you 1797 01:17:13,510 --> 01:17:11,960 know exaggerated way so you'd know 1798 01:17:15,939 --> 01:17:13,520 that's what was going on a plane would 1799 01:17:17,260 --> 01:17:15,949 fly by low from left to right here from 1800 01:17:18,700 --> 01:17:17,270 the left coming in and then going right 1801 01:17:21,550 --> 01:17:18,710 over your head and off to the right you 1802 01:17:23,470 --> 01:17:21,560 know it was a new experience I also 1803 01:17:28,720 --> 01:17:23,480 attended movies that were in smellorama 1804 01:17:30,400 --> 01:17:28,730 oh yeah yeah smellorama was the weirdest 1805 01:17:32,050 --> 01:17:30,410 one ever because they gave you this 1806 01:17:40,660 --> 01:17:32,060 little car didn't have to scratch and 1807 01:17:42,160 --> 01:17:40,670 sniff yes yeah it's smellorama 1808 01:17:45,729 --> 01:17:42,170 I went to one smellorama and say you 1809 01:17:47,439 --> 01:17:45,739 know I can do that again it's gotta be 1810 01:17:49,959 --> 01:17:47,449 tough though these theaters they do have 1811 01:17:52,780 --> 01:17:49,969 a lot invested in their their setups 1812 01:17:56,290 --> 01:17:52,790 sound is better today it is I there's no 1813 01:17:57,729 --> 01:17:56,300 doubt about it is you know and the other 1814 01:17:59,560 --> 01:17:57,739 thing is it means tough to get people to 1815 01:18:00,070 --> 01:17:59,570 park for money to do investigation the 1816 01:18:03,340 --> 01:18:00,080 UFOs 1817 01:18:05,350 --> 01:18:03,350 so we did a movie dogs called you Fatah 1818 01:18:08,080 --> 01:18:05,360 and it was a it's a 14 minute test movie 1819 01:18:10,209 --> 01:18:08,090 to show the entire process of the Magi 1820 01:18:14,200 --> 01:18:10,219 process which is you know the 4k 1821 01:18:17,110 --> 01:18:14,210 high-res video you know at 120 frames 1822 01:18:20,800 --> 01:18:17,120 per second you know with ultra bright 1823 01:18:22,330 --> 01:18:20,810 screens and in full 3d and you know you 1824 01:18:25,209 --> 01:18:22,340 really think the actors right in front 1825 01:18:26,979 --> 01:18:25,219 of you you actually feel that they're 1826 01:18:32,560 --> 01:18:26,989 right in front of you it's very very 1827 01:18:35,620 --> 01:18:32,570 much a true experience okay so and that 1828 01:18:36,689 --> 01:18:35,630 was 120 frames a second year say yes yes 1829 01:18:41,050 --> 01:18:36,699 okay okay 1830 01:18:42,490 --> 01:18:41,060 and typically film is 24 video it's 30 1831 01:18:44,530 --> 01:18:42,500 so you're talking about a big difference 1832 01:18:46,959 --> 01:18:44,540 there it's a huge difference you know 1833 01:18:48,910 --> 01:18:46,969 and huge difference you know and so you 1834 01:18:50,680 --> 01:18:48,920 can actually watch a car go across the 1835 01:18:53,070 --> 01:18:50,690 screen in the front row and it won't be 1836 01:18:56,410 --> 01:18:53,080 you know blurry like it would be it 1837 01:18:59,740 --> 01:18:56,420 29.97 or whatever frames per second you 1838 01:19:01,900 --> 01:18:59,750 know but the fact of the matter is you 1839 01:19:05,320 --> 01:19:01,910 know when I met Doug you that was there 1840 01:19:07,419 --> 01:19:05,330 the first Doug I was shaking I was 1841 01:19:08,950 --> 01:19:07,429 shaking because I really felt like oh my 1842 01:19:10,270 --> 01:19:08,960 gosh this guy is a 1843 01:19:12,250 --> 01:19:10,280 you know my am I even telling about my 1844 01:19:14,500 --> 01:19:12,260 website I just put it I put it was in 1845 01:19:15,940 --> 01:19:14,510 the signature at the bottom so we went 1846 01:19:17,440 --> 01:19:15,950 to the website this yield is excellent 1847 01:19:18,640 --> 01:19:17,450 every respect we could use you right now 1848 01:19:19,990 --> 01:19:18,650 come on up and let's work on a project 1849 01:19:22,540 --> 01:19:20,000 what 1850 01:19:24,700 --> 01:19:22,550 oh I started shaking and I drove up 1851 01:19:26,320 --> 01:19:24,710 there and the first time I met him I was 1852 01:19:29,440 --> 01:19:26,330 shaking like a leaf because this is the 1853 01:19:31,840 --> 01:19:29,450 man that I basically patterned my bat my 1854 01:19:35,890 --> 01:19:31,850 business after you know the work he's 1855 01:19:37,690 --> 01:19:35,900 done so anyway he was very gracious 1856 01:19:40,690 --> 01:19:37,700 turned out to be one of the best friends 1857 01:19:42,510 --> 01:19:40,700 you ever had and we've worked on a 1858 01:19:46,120 --> 01:19:42,520 number of projects we did the Apple iPad 1859 01:19:48,850 --> 01:19:46,130 Pro commercial there that was on the NFL 1860 01:19:51,250 --> 01:19:48,860 games we did Burger King commercial 1861 01:19:55,120 --> 01:19:51,260 there we did a lot of others a few other 1862 01:19:57,790 --> 01:19:55,130 projects there as well and it was a good 1863 01:19:58,840 --> 01:19:57,800 test bed for getting a team together you 1864 01:20:01,900 --> 01:19:58,850 know and that was what his purpose was 1865 01:20:03,160 --> 01:20:01,910 to get a team together and in the Burger 1866 01:20:05,170 --> 01:20:03,170 King commercial I went up there to work 1867 01:20:07,420 --> 01:20:05,180 on one thing and ended up working on 1868 01:20:10,870 --> 01:20:07,430 like 12 things but I by the end of it 1869 01:20:13,150 --> 01:20:10,880 you know 12 10 12 days later and I 1870 01:20:15,190 --> 01:20:13,160 didn't hear he didn't look at me once he 1871 01:20:16,630 --> 01:20:15,200 didn't talk to me once but he was 1872 01:20:19,390 --> 01:20:16,640 watching when I was doing at the end of 1873 01:20:20,650 --> 01:20:19,400 the days he came up and he wanted he 1874 01:20:22,660 --> 01:20:20,660 thanked me publicly in front of 1875 01:20:24,520 --> 01:20:22,670 everybody saying and literally went down 1876 01:20:26,560 --> 01:20:24,530 the list of everything I did it was like 1877 01:20:29,680 --> 01:20:26,570 wow you know he did know the guy's a 1878 01:20:34,090 --> 01:20:29,690 genius he really is and people like that 1879 01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:34,100 are really good to know you know he's a 1880 01:20:38,410 --> 01:20:37,130 good man his wife Julia my gosh she ties 1881 01:20:42,160 --> 01:20:38,420 it all together like you can't believe 1882 01:20:44,160 --> 01:20:42,170 no she's a very very powerful very very 1883 01:20:48,430 --> 01:20:44,170 strong woman she remembers everything 1884 01:20:50,979 --> 01:20:48,440 you know she minds is a just oh I can't 1885 01:20:52,510 --> 01:20:50,989 think like she does you know and I just 1886 01:20:55,209 --> 01:20:52,520 respect her very much it's just a 1887 01:20:57,100 --> 01:20:55,219 tremendous amount of interplay and Doug 1888 01:21:00,040 --> 01:20:57,110 of course depends on her a lot and she's 1889 01:21:02,320 --> 01:21:00,050 she's crazy crazy good you know so 1890 01:21:04,300 --> 01:21:02,330 that's a great place to be it's a great 1891 01:21:06,220 --> 01:21:04,310 place to learn stuff and so together 1892 01:21:10,900 --> 01:21:06,230 we're doing this UFO thing you know this 1893 01:21:14,020 --> 01:21:10,910 this UFO detection system and so that's 1894 01:21:15,970 --> 01:21:14,030 from that's and and Julia said to us 1895 01:21:18,040 --> 01:21:15,980 when he got up there and the Burger King 1896 01:21:19,630 --> 01:21:18,050 commercial she goes I know Doug likes 1897 01:21:22,150 --> 01:21:19,640 what you're doing with the UFO stuff she 1898 01:21:22,600 --> 01:21:22,160 goes but you can't talk about it 1899 01:21:29,560 --> 01:21:22,610 until 1900 01:21:31,900 --> 01:21:29,570 after this is done and I mean just sort 1901 01:21:33,460 --> 01:21:31,910 of like you know raises eyebrows and can 1902 01:21:36,280 --> 01:21:33,470 tilted aside like now that's it you know 1903 01:21:37,840 --> 01:21:36,290 she's spoken it sounds like the missus 1904 01:21:41,530 --> 01:21:37,850 is sort of like the line producer up 1905 01:21:44,700 --> 01:21:41,540 there she very much is she has her pulse 1906 01:21:47,740 --> 01:21:44,710 and everything and thankfully so because 1907 01:21:49,930 --> 01:21:47,750 she's the sweetest lady on planet earth 1908 01:21:52,950 --> 01:21:49,940 and she gets the job done like you'd 1909 01:21:57,340 --> 01:21:52,960 never believe you know so yeah it's true 1910 01:21:59,440 --> 01:21:57,350 no I wanted to ask you a few things it's 1911 01:22:02,650 --> 01:21:59,450 gonna be kind of a strange question so 1912 01:22:05,280 --> 01:22:02,660 I'm gonna vacillate between acting Pro 1913 01:22:07,360 --> 01:22:05,290 something and contrarian about it and 1914 01:22:10,390 --> 01:22:07,370 then I have a question for you 1915 01:22:13,270 --> 01:22:10,400 afterwards okay so I'm just gonna talk 1916 01:22:17,080 --> 01:22:13,280 for a while and then you can just blow 1917 01:22:19,330 --> 01:22:17,090 me off or you can actually give me some 1918 01:22:23,040 --> 01:22:19,340 feedback on what I have to say sure 1919 01:22:26,860 --> 01:22:23,050 so alien life has existed or it does 1920 01:22:29,370 --> 01:22:26,870 exist there is no valid and clear 1921 01:22:32,170 --> 01:22:29,380 evidence for the existence of alien life 1922 01:22:34,330 --> 01:22:32,180 it is very likely that extraterrestrial 1923 01:22:37,540 --> 01:22:34,340 life consists of non-rational viruses 1924 01:22:38,110 --> 01:22:37,550 bacteria or algae making it difficult to 1925 01:22:41,890 --> 01:22:38,120 discover 1926 01:22:44,110 --> 01:22:41,900 okay the galaxy is so old that other 1927 01:22:47,380 --> 01:22:44,120 technological species living in it 1928 01:22:50,920 --> 01:22:47,390 before I should be obvious by now yet we 1929 01:22:53,620 --> 01:22:50,930 have no evidence of it earth is a planet 1930 01:22:55,450 --> 01:22:53,630 there is ample evidence that life exists 1931 01:22:58,000 --> 01:22:55,460 on earth there is evidence that other 1932 01:23:00,250 --> 01:22:58,010 planets are similar to Earth there is no 1933 01:23:03,400 --> 01:23:00,260 evidence that Earth is unique there has 1934 01:23:06,760 --> 01:23:03,410 not yet been any form of contact with 1935 01:23:09,040 --> 01:23:06,770 extraterrestrial beings to move on from 1936 01:23:10,060 --> 01:23:09,050 the fact that we have to move on from 1937 01:23:11,440 --> 01:23:10,070 the Pavin searching for 1938 01:23:14,170 --> 01:23:11,450 extraterrestrials since time immemorial 1939 01:23:17,860 --> 01:23:14,180 and yet we still have no definite proof 1940 01:23:19,840 --> 01:23:17,870 they exist or alien civilizations could 1941 01:23:23,040 --> 01:23:19,850 actively hide for good reasons these are 1942 01:23:27,100 --> 01:23:23,050 all things I hear smattered throughout 1943 01:23:30,070 --> 01:23:27,110 UF ology sphere of conversations about 1944 01:23:31,930 --> 01:23:30,080 these these kinds of topics people go 1945 01:23:33,880 --> 01:23:31,940 back and forth they Jacque in between oh 1946 01:23:35,080 --> 01:23:33,890 there's extraterrestrials out there oh 1947 01:23:36,459 --> 01:23:35,090 no there's not 1948 01:23:38,770 --> 01:23:36,469 there's no scientific data 1949 01:23:40,840 --> 01:23:38,780 to correlate or defend that or support 1950 01:23:43,030 --> 01:23:40,850 it oh yes there's people say yes there 1951 01:23:45,689 --> 01:23:43,040 is there's their study that's actively 1952 01:23:48,010 --> 01:23:45,699 looking for communication from 1953 01:23:51,130 --> 01:23:48,020 extraterrestrial life I mean we could go 1954 01:23:53,260 --> 01:23:51,140 on and on can you just talk about all 1955 01:23:58,420 --> 01:23:53,270 that whatever perspective you have about 1956 01:24:00,880 --> 01:23:58,430 any of it well first of all my my 1957 01:24:03,370 --> 01:24:00,890 perspective is that if we start from a 1958 01:24:06,100 --> 01:24:03,380 scientific basis we don't need to 1959 01:24:10,540 --> 01:24:06,110 speculate so much because there is a 1960 01:24:12,820 --> 01:24:10,550 number of factual Tatem out there that 1961 01:24:16,170 --> 01:24:12,830 we can bring to bear to show people why 1962 01:24:20,500 --> 01:24:16,180 the the existence of an extraterrestrial 1963 01:24:24,939 --> 01:24:20,510 species other than microbial say might 1964 01:24:29,410 --> 01:24:24,949 very well be a reality now there's a 1965 01:24:31,180 --> 01:24:29,420 number of cultural cultural belief 1966 01:24:32,350 --> 01:24:31,190 systems on this planet that may very 1967 01:24:35,140 --> 01:24:32,360 well be based on an extraterrestrial 1968 01:24:36,910 --> 01:24:35,150 presence having been here the wondjina 1969 01:24:38,830 --> 01:24:36,920 in Australia the Kimberley region of 1970 01:24:41,950 --> 01:24:38,840 Australia the wonjun were rumored to 1971 01:24:43,770 --> 01:24:41,960 come from the sky live under the water 1972 01:24:46,600 --> 01:24:43,780 and have full mastery of the water 1973 01:24:48,970 --> 01:24:46,610 that's the longitude myth you know 1974 01:24:51,100 --> 01:24:48,980 valcamonica Italy there's there's the 1975 01:24:54,459 --> 01:24:51,110 helmeted warriors in pictographs in a 1976 01:24:56,979 --> 01:24:54,469 cave in India there are spacecraft 1977 01:24:59,950 --> 01:24:56,989 depicted in stone and cave paintings 1978 01:25:03,160 --> 01:24:59,960 actually that show weird beams emanating 1979 01:25:04,840 --> 01:25:03,170 from a disc-shaped craft now is that 1980 01:25:06,580 --> 01:25:04,850 possibly something else well sure I mean 1981 01:25:08,110 --> 01:25:06,590 you know if you look at petroglyphs they 1982 01:25:10,209 --> 01:25:08,120 you know the spaceship looking things 1983 01:25:13,689 --> 01:25:10,219 are generally clouds you know and the 1984 01:25:15,790 --> 01:25:13,699 ones with lines under them are rain but 1985 01:25:19,090 --> 01:25:15,800 these are very specific things that are 1986 01:25:23,020 --> 01:25:19,100 very different you know I did a talk in 1987 01:25:25,360 --> 01:25:23,030 Denver one year where I let loose the 1988 01:25:28,120 --> 01:25:25,370 the thing that I found and that was that 1989 01:25:30,729 --> 01:25:28,130 throughout all these disparate cultures 1990 01:25:32,470 --> 01:25:30,739 that never talk to each other there's 1991 01:25:36,100 --> 01:25:32,480 one thing that is between them all 1992 01:25:40,630 --> 01:25:36,110 that's common and that is their deities 1993 01:25:42,880 --> 01:25:40,640 are displayed with helmets or halos okay 1994 01:25:44,170 --> 01:25:42,890 we know that Renaissance painters put 1995 01:25:47,110 --> 01:25:44,180 halos around all the deities 1996 01:25:49,180 --> 01:25:47,120 well the valcamonica aliens can have 1997 01:25:49,910 --> 01:25:49,190 those could be halos as well around 1998 01:25:52,010 --> 01:25:49,920 their heads 1999 01:25:53,300 --> 01:25:52,020 or helmets now I don't think there's 2000 01:25:54,260 --> 01:25:53,310 space helmets I'll tell you why in a 2001 01:25:58,210 --> 01:25:54,270 minute 2002 01:26:01,030 --> 01:25:58,220 the wanjina also have these weird 2003 01:26:03,970 --> 01:26:01,040 helmets like like things around them 2004 01:26:10,190 --> 01:26:03,980 what I think they really would be is 2005 01:26:11,810 --> 01:26:10,200 some type of electro electro well I 2006 01:26:13,390 --> 01:26:11,820 should say kind of force field that 2007 01:26:16,160 --> 01:26:13,400 would prevent any kind of infectious 2008 01:26:19,190 --> 01:26:16,170 debris or so forth germs from getting in 2009 01:26:20,900 --> 01:26:19,200 basically a bug zapper for the aliens 2010 01:26:23,360 --> 01:26:20,910 that they can wear on their heads that 2011 01:26:26,090 --> 01:26:23,370 would keep any of those toxins or 2012 01:26:29,600 --> 01:26:26,100 viruses that are native to the planet 2013 01:26:31,280 --> 01:26:29,610 indigenous from getting in maybe that's 2014 01:26:33,340 --> 01:26:31,290 what they saw and I think they were 2015 01:26:35,840 --> 01:26:33,350 reproduced on the cave walls and in the 2016 01:26:37,610 --> 01:26:35,850 petroglyphs petroglyphs you know 2017 01:26:39,710 --> 01:26:37,620 throughout history through all these 2018 01:26:41,540 --> 01:26:39,720 disparate cultures this is something 2019 01:26:44,570 --> 01:26:41,550 that cannot be ignored 2020 01:26:49,130 --> 01:26:44,580 why did deities get shown with these 2021 01:26:52,250 --> 01:26:49,140 halos and the answer is not forthcoming 2022 01:26:55,270 --> 01:26:52,260 all right so but this is an example of 2023 01:26:57,140 --> 01:26:55,280 what you're saying okay this we have a 2024 01:26:58,460 --> 01:26:57,150 variety of things happening on this 2025 01:27:00,680 --> 01:26:58,470 planet that could have come from 2026 01:27:02,690 --> 01:27:00,690 extraterrestrial origin right now 2027 01:27:05,390 --> 01:27:02,700 there's someone I know in fact I was 2028 01:27:06,410 --> 01:27:05,400 just talking to her today a woman named 2029 01:27:09,790 --> 01:27:06,420 Kat torrelson 2030 01:27:13,430 --> 01:27:09,800 from Norway right and Kat is a woman who 2031 01:27:16,850 --> 01:27:13,440 had some very strange experiences in her 2032 01:27:19,580 --> 01:27:16,860 life and now has physical evidence in 2033 01:27:21,980 --> 01:27:19,590 her body that there is a change that 2034 01:27:23,570 --> 01:27:21,990 happened to her she could take magnets 2035 01:27:25,280 --> 01:27:23,580 and put them on her body and they show 2036 01:27:28,010 --> 01:27:25,290 up and they if they go on her body in a 2037 01:27:30,080 --> 01:27:28,020 symmetrical pattern okay 2038 01:27:31,640 --> 01:27:30,090 symmetrical pattern you put some money 2039 01:27:33,920 --> 01:27:31,650 decided for the bridge of her nose they 2040 01:27:35,960 --> 01:27:33,930 go across her the top of her chest and 2041 01:27:37,640 --> 01:27:35,970 there's they're in symmetry and these 2042 01:27:39,620 --> 01:27:37,650 are magnets it's just stick to her and 2043 01:27:42,290 --> 01:27:39,630 you can take them in you say wow they're 2044 01:27:44,030 --> 01:27:42,300 being held to her body you know she 2045 01:27:45,020 --> 01:27:44,040 doesn't know why they're there and she's 2046 01:27:46,790 --> 01:27:45,030 never known you should get her on the 2047 01:27:51,290 --> 01:27:46,800 show actually she beautiful marvelous 2048 01:27:54,110 --> 01:27:51,300 guess she speaks in English yeah and so 2049 01:27:55,760 --> 01:27:54,120 I think that for instance so so we see 2050 01:27:59,410 --> 01:27:55,770 that we have people that have this kind 2051 01:28:02,570 --> 01:27:59,420 of what we'll call trace evidence okay 2052 01:28:03,689 --> 01:28:02,580 things that have happened to them and I 2053 01:28:06,180 --> 01:28:03,699 think that that's some 2054 01:28:10,350 --> 01:28:06,190 that cannot be ignored now some of the 2055 01:28:11,880 --> 01:28:10,360 people were me so okay sorry huh she's 2056 01:28:15,000 --> 01:28:11,890 not someone that's making this up okay 2057 01:28:17,520 --> 01:28:15,010 she is actually shows you what's going 2058 01:28:18,930 --> 01:28:17,530 on okay she shows you what's happening 2059 01:28:21,120 --> 01:28:18,940 it's visible right in front of you she 2060 01:28:22,500 --> 01:28:21,130 doesn't have to say a word just throw 2061 01:28:24,660 --> 01:28:22,510 magnets up in the air stand under and 2062 01:28:26,669 --> 01:28:24,670 boom they go to doesn't do it that way 2063 01:28:30,660 --> 01:28:26,679 but they actually stick to her body in 2064 01:28:33,270 --> 01:28:30,670 very precise locations and this is an 2065 01:28:35,070 --> 01:28:33,280 example so this is a phenomena right 2066 01:28:37,530 --> 01:28:35,080 that that's happening here how do we 2067 01:28:39,780 --> 01:28:37,540 explain that how do I explain that you 2068 01:28:42,300 --> 01:28:39,790 know I mean you know is this something 2069 01:28:43,890 --> 01:28:42,310 she was born with iron deposits 2070 01:28:44,520 --> 01:28:43,900 throughout her body in strange locations 2071 01:28:47,520 --> 01:28:44,530 or something 2072 01:28:49,410 --> 01:28:47,530 who knows we'll have to get her on and 2073 01:28:51,450 --> 01:28:49,420 ask her directly but she's also got the 2074 01:28:56,910 --> 01:28:51,460 alien contact as well to go along with 2075 01:28:58,290 --> 01:28:56,920 this you say yes she's like a book that 2076 01:29:00,110 --> 01:28:58,300 she just came out with you know and I'm 2077 01:29:02,550 --> 01:29:00,120 not trying to promote a book right 2078 01:29:04,439 --> 01:29:02,560 what's the book we I know who she is 2079 01:29:07,200 --> 01:29:04,449 she's a loving person okay yeah she 2080 01:29:09,660 --> 01:29:07,210 really is and yeah I mean it's called a 2081 01:29:12,330 --> 01:29:09,670 hybrid story and it's available on her 2082 01:29:22,640 --> 01:29:12,340 site which is a it's pronounced kepis 2083 01:29:28,410 --> 01:29:26,040 it's a good book yeah and I think that 2084 01:29:30,510 --> 01:29:28,420 you know what I'm talking about this for 2085 01:29:33,380 --> 01:29:30,520 a reason and that is that these types of 2086 01:29:38,220 --> 01:29:33,390 experiences these types of actual 2087 01:29:41,430 --> 01:29:38,230 tangible processes that might be might 2088 01:29:44,280 --> 01:29:41,440 being undertaken by alien beings on on 2089 01:29:45,750 --> 01:29:44,290 people here on the planet they're all 2090 01:29:47,820 --> 01:29:45,760 questionable because they're always so 2091 01:29:50,459 --> 01:29:47,830 subjective you know oh well we don't 2092 01:29:52,979 --> 01:29:50,469 know for sure we never know for sure I 2093 01:29:54,270 --> 01:29:52,989 don't have any evidence okay I'm like 2094 01:29:56,490 --> 01:29:54,280 that too I want to see evidence as well 2095 01:29:59,880 --> 01:29:56,500 and you can find the book so our 2096 01:30:04,380 --> 01:29:59,890 listeners can hear that yeah yeah it's a 2097 01:30:11,310 --> 01:30:04,390 it's a Kate Thorkelson calm it's a que a 2098 01:30:12,930 --> 01:30:11,320 te th o r v al d s en calm and you can 2099 01:30:14,430 --> 01:30:12,940 get the book of hybrid story on her site 2100 01:30:16,939 --> 01:30:14,440 I'm not getting anything from the book I 2101 01:30:18,949 --> 01:30:16,949 mean I just no no I know it also 2102 01:30:20,000 --> 01:30:18,959 like to make it clear people that write 2103 01:30:23,029 --> 01:30:20,010 books in ufology 2104 01:30:25,430 --> 01:30:23,039 they don't make any money I don't care 2105 01:30:28,009 --> 01:30:25,440 what anybody says it's very rare when 2106 01:30:30,919 --> 01:30:28,019 that happens so we would love to be able 2107 01:30:33,799 --> 01:30:30,929 to mention we're not we're fine with 2108 01:30:36,080 --> 01:30:33,809 commercialization by the way well all 2109 01:30:38,060 --> 01:30:36,090 the folks at home do watch the full' 2110 01:30:39,919 --> 01:30:38,070 commercials when they play on our 2111 01:30:43,430 --> 01:30:39,929 channel now because we're monetized now 2112 01:30:45,790 --> 01:30:43,440 so we want those pennies rolling in we 2113 01:30:48,350 --> 01:30:45,800 need we need the money 2114 01:30:50,330 --> 01:30:48,360 we need the mite we're desperate we're 2115 01:30:52,160 --> 01:30:50,340 desperate for the money so by all means 2116 01:30:53,810 --> 01:30:52,170 all you got to do you don't have to send 2117 01:30:55,879 --> 01:30:53,820 a dime but watch those commercials you 2118 01:30:57,140 --> 01:30:55,889 can watch anything else you want in some 2119 01:30:58,939 --> 01:30:57,150 other window but let the full 2120 01:31:02,870 --> 01:30:58,949 commercials run because that's how we 2121 01:31:11,689 --> 01:31:02,880 get paid clear that Frank is taking all 2122 01:31:13,370 --> 01:31:11,699 the money I'm not getting any wants it 2123 01:31:15,589 --> 01:31:13,380 and you know I'm okay with that 2124 01:31:17,919 --> 01:31:15,599 I'm okay I got it I need the money more 2125 01:31:21,140 --> 01:31:17,929 than she does let's put it that way okay 2126 01:31:24,949 --> 01:31:21,150 so I have a question that I think it's 2127 01:31:28,430 --> 01:31:24,959 important and that is it's just a random 2128 01:31:32,870 --> 01:31:28,440 question it's what is the hallmark of 2129 01:31:37,520 --> 01:31:32,880 your research mark the hallmark of mine 2130 01:31:39,919 --> 01:31:37,530 is that I'm taking the astronomical 2131 01:31:42,439 --> 01:31:39,929 knowledge that I have and I'm showing 2132 01:31:46,850 --> 01:31:42,449 people why it's important to understand 2133 01:31:50,390 --> 01:31:46,860 because this information is how you can 2134 01:31:52,729 --> 01:31:50,400 justify the belief you have that you 2135 01:31:54,979 --> 01:31:52,739 usually may have no justification for I 2136 01:31:57,020 --> 01:31:54,989 believe they're there because I can't 2137 01:31:58,180 --> 01:31:57,030 imagine the universe's you know we're 2138 01:32:00,850 --> 01:31:58,190 that we're the only ones in the universe 2139 01:32:03,739 --> 01:32:00,860 well if you have a little bit of 2140 01:32:05,359 --> 01:32:03,749 knowledge you'll be dangerous and if you 2141 01:32:07,759 --> 01:32:05,369 understand some astronomy then you will 2142 01:32:11,689 --> 01:32:07,769 be able to take that and apply it to 2143 01:32:13,129 --> 01:32:11,699 other claims people make you know for 2144 01:32:18,370 --> 01:32:13,139 instance I don't believe anyone's been 2145 01:32:20,989 --> 01:32:18,380 to Mars with Barack Obama okay I don't I 2146 01:32:24,109 --> 01:32:20,999 don't buy that for a minute you type out 2147 01:32:28,100 --> 01:32:24,119 Andrew basiago yeah I don't mind that 2148 01:32:30,680 --> 01:32:28,110 okay now is that arrogance no that's 2149 01:32:33,050 --> 01:32:30,690 practicality I think that 2150 01:32:36,950 --> 01:32:33,060 those kinds of things simply couldn't 2151 01:32:39,290 --> 01:32:36,960 have gone unnoticed so you don't think 2152 01:32:43,940 --> 01:32:39,300 he went there to fight aliens on Mars I 2153 01:32:45,590 --> 01:32:43,950 do not believe he's fighting around his 2154 01:32:49,100 --> 01:32:45,600 head I think and then it's just me but 2155 01:32:51,680 --> 01:32:49,110 look and I I'm very happy to say these 2156 01:32:53,270 --> 01:32:51,690 things frankly because you know it's 2157 01:32:55,880 --> 01:32:53,280 like with other people in ufology that 2158 01:32:57,710 --> 01:32:55,890 make all these claims and and say come 2159 01:32:59,900 --> 01:32:57,720 to me I know all the answers that's 2160 01:33:02,390 --> 01:32:59,910 baloney because you don't none of those 2161 01:33:04,190 --> 01:33:02,400 people know the answers no one knows the 2162 01:33:06,530 --> 01:33:04,200 answers you know and I don't think that 2163 01:33:08,420 --> 01:33:06,540 it's I don't think we can just say we 2164 01:33:10,580 --> 01:33:08,430 know the answers and then charge a large 2165 01:33:12,350 --> 01:33:10,590 dollar amount to know the answer and 2166 01:33:14,420 --> 01:33:12,360 then get some kind of an answer that 2167 01:33:16,730 --> 01:33:14,430 isn't enough you know and that's all we 2168 01:33:18,860 --> 01:33:16,740 get nice so we'll just forget about the 2169 01:33:21,200 --> 01:33:18,870 Pegasus project then anyway I was gonna 2170 01:33:23,150 --> 01:33:21,210 ask you what is your takeaway regarding 2171 01:33:25,490 --> 01:33:23,160 the topic of science combined with 2172 01:33:27,820 --> 01:33:25,500 ufology and other phenomena I'm gonna 2173 01:33:31,070 --> 01:33:27,830 ask that again what is your takeaway 2174 01:33:33,320 --> 01:33:31,080 regarding the topic of science married 2175 01:33:36,490 --> 01:33:33,330 two combined with ufology and other 2176 01:33:40,130 --> 01:33:36,500 phenomena is it and why is it important 2177 01:33:45,350 --> 01:33:40,140 to you it's very important because if we 2178 01:33:49,190 --> 01:33:45,360 understand that there is is is some 2179 01:33:53,330 --> 01:33:49,200 factual scientific data that sits behind 2180 01:33:57,140 --> 01:33:53,340 the claims that are made then it's more 2181 01:34:00,260 --> 01:33:57,150 palatable alright to the media in 2182 01:34:02,060 --> 01:34:00,270 particular now the media is the biggest 2183 01:34:06,260 --> 01:34:02,070 enemy to you apology there is it's not 2184 01:34:07,430 --> 01:34:06,270 the government it's the media okay and 2185 01:34:08,930 --> 01:34:07,440 Richard the ones a good friend of mine 2186 01:34:10,370 --> 01:34:08,940 but I can tell you that you know he 2187 01:34:12,620 --> 01:34:10,380 might have a slightly different opinion 2188 01:34:14,420 --> 01:34:12,630 about it but I do believe that the media 2189 01:34:17,210 --> 01:34:14,430 is one of the biggest enemies because 2190 01:34:19,070 --> 01:34:17,220 the media wants to sensationalize and 2191 01:34:22,790 --> 01:34:19,080 solve ratings and get ratings and stuff 2192 01:34:25,040 --> 01:34:22,800 and so they will at a conference that's 2193 01:34:26,330 --> 01:34:25,050 a serious conference on you apology they 2194 01:34:27,680 --> 01:34:26,340 will go and take photographs of the 2195 01:34:29,240 --> 01:34:27,690 green blow-up alien that someone's got 2196 01:34:32,330 --> 01:34:29,250 in a vendor table and make that the 2197 01:34:35,720 --> 01:34:32,340 centerpiece of their story okay so if 2198 01:34:40,070 --> 01:34:35,730 you have a scientific background and you 2199 01:34:41,900 --> 01:34:40,080 use science to show why aliens from 2200 01:34:43,970 --> 01:34:41,910 another planet elsewhere in the universe 2201 01:34:45,860 --> 01:34:43,980 could very well be here 2202 01:34:47,600 --> 01:34:45,870 and you provided a methodology by which 2203 01:34:50,480 --> 01:34:47,610 they could travel here in an 2204 01:34:53,150 --> 01:34:50,490 interstellar manner well then the media 2205 01:34:55,550 --> 01:34:53,160 says what I don't understand I don't get 2206 01:34:57,200 --> 01:34:55,560 it but I guess he should I guess I guess 2207 01:34:59,300 --> 01:34:57,210 it's right and they get consultants in 2208 01:35:02,230 --> 01:34:59,310 and other people that say well yeah I 2209 01:35:04,220 --> 01:35:02,240 mean there is a bunch of string theory 2210 01:35:06,800 --> 01:35:04,230 possibilities and there's the Alcubierre 2211 01:35:09,020 --> 01:35:06,810 drive for going shorter distances 2212 01:35:10,580 --> 01:35:09,030 interstellar wise no we're in fact I 2213 01:35:13,790 --> 01:35:10,590 have paid researchers doing that right 2214 01:35:16,270 --> 01:35:13,800 now you know working on that so the fact 2215 01:35:18,680 --> 01:35:16,280 that these things are out there will 2216 01:35:20,600 --> 01:35:18,690 legitimate you apology in a way that's 2217 01:35:23,270 --> 01:35:20,610 never before been done and so the 2218 01:35:25,640 --> 01:35:23,280 science is very important you have to go 2219 01:35:28,610 --> 01:35:25,650 hand in hand with the science if the 2220 01:35:30,620 --> 01:35:28,620 science says it can't be done well then 2221 01:35:32,690 --> 01:35:30,630 that's based on our science we know now 2222 01:35:38,330 --> 01:35:32,700 but truly there are other things that 2223 01:35:41,060 --> 01:35:38,340 can a little bit of trouble with the 2224 01:35:43,040 --> 01:35:41,070 with the sound here it probably is just 2225 01:35:44,840 --> 01:35:43,050 about a good enough time to wrap up but 2226 01:35:46,430 --> 01:35:44,850 I do want to run that before we get out 2227 01:35:46,940 --> 01:35:46,440 of here I do want to run something by 2228 01:35:48,620 --> 01:35:46,950 you 2229 01:35:51,490 --> 01:35:48,630 this set came actually from a 2230 01:35:54,380 --> 01:35:51,500 conversation regarding somebody that you 2231 01:35:56,840 --> 01:35:54,390 hold in high regard that Carl Sagan and 2232 01:35:59,990 --> 01:35:56,850 Kip Thorne where he said it's it's not 2233 01:36:03,770 --> 01:36:00,000 only important to think about what that 2234 01:36:06,080 --> 01:36:03,780 could be possible by an advanced ET 2235 01:36:07,760 --> 01:36:06,090 civilization or maybe us you know a few 2236 01:36:09,980 --> 01:36:07,770 thousand years down the road but it's 2237 01:36:11,990 --> 01:36:09,990 also important to think about what would 2238 01:36:15,290 --> 01:36:12,000 never be possible regardless of how 2239 01:36:17,060 --> 01:36:15,300 advanced he became and I think I think 2240 01:36:19,840 --> 01:36:17,070 that was a really good point I think it 2241 01:36:22,280 --> 01:36:19,850 was a really good point so yeah I mean 2242 01:36:23,780 --> 01:36:22,290 Carl Sagan my favorite astronomer Kip 2243 01:36:26,410 --> 01:36:23,790 Thorne my favorite Astra business I mean 2244 01:36:29,300 --> 01:36:26,420 I side with Kip Thorne for several hours 2245 01:36:34,010 --> 01:36:29,310 so many years ago and we talked about 2246 01:36:35,450 --> 01:36:34,020 black holes and he was actually saying 2247 01:36:37,730 --> 01:36:35,460 he had an argument with Stephen Hawking 2248 01:36:39,470 --> 01:36:37,740 and that this is this is this gives you 2249 01:36:42,020 --> 01:36:39,480 an idea of how the greatest minds on the 2250 01:36:43,700 --> 01:36:42,030 earth think rate he was arguing with 2251 01:36:46,460 --> 01:36:43,710 Stephen Hawking that we could kind of do 2252 01:36:48,770 --> 01:36:46,470 what you might call time-travel it's 2253 01:36:51,920 --> 01:36:48,780 really more like information time-travel 2254 01:36:54,200 --> 01:36:51,930 not really time travel per se he said 2255 01:36:55,640 --> 01:36:54,210 you could see yourself under the right 2256 01:36:57,440 --> 01:36:55,650 conditions you could be traveling into a 2257 01:36:59,030 --> 01:36:57,450 black hole with your spaceship 2258 01:37:00,890 --> 01:36:59,040 regardless of the fact that you'd be 2259 01:37:03,620 --> 01:37:00,900 totally string of fight and liquefied 2260 01:37:05,210 --> 01:37:03,630 doing so okay but if you could there is 2261 01:37:06,950 --> 01:37:05,220 a possibility that you might also see 2262 01:37:10,430 --> 01:37:06,960 yourself emerging from the complimentary 2263 01:37:12,770 --> 01:37:10,440 white hole before you actually enter the 2264 01:37:15,860 --> 01:37:12,780 black hole and he was talk about the 2265 01:37:18,170 --> 01:37:15,870 information from the ship doing so and 2266 01:37:21,110 --> 01:37:18,180 Hawking said no no that's not true and 2267 01:37:24,830 --> 01:37:21,120 so Thorne wrote his argument to Hawking 2268 01:37:26,630 --> 01:37:24,840 and Hawking read it in or wrote an 2269 01:37:29,810 --> 01:37:26,640 argument in beyond and you know against 2270 01:37:32,990 --> 01:37:29,820 it back to Kip and they read each 2271 01:37:34,780 --> 01:37:33,000 other's arguments and said oh you're 2272 01:37:36,890 --> 01:37:34,790 right Stephen you can't do it and 2273 01:37:40,550 --> 01:37:36,900 Hawking said actually you're right Kip 2274 01:37:43,490 --> 01:37:40,560 you can actually swap positions on the 2275 01:37:45,410 --> 01:37:43,500 whole concept I think that's a little 2276 01:37:47,150 --> 01:37:45,420 bit of a myth that gets out there that 2277 01:37:49,580 --> 01:37:47,160 science is monolithic and that these 2278 01:37:51,740 --> 01:37:49,590 guys don't have serious disagreements 2279 01:37:54,290 --> 01:37:51,750 about all manner of things and their 2280 01:37:55,730 --> 01:37:54,300 fields exactly right you know but it 2281 01:37:57,950 --> 01:37:55,740 also shows you that even the greatest 2282 01:38:01,310 --> 01:37:57,960 minds even the greatest minds on our 2283 01:38:04,580 --> 01:38:01,320 planet can't agree all the time because 2284 01:38:07,010 --> 01:38:04,590 the science is still not quite ready for 2285 01:38:08,840 --> 01:38:07,020 our consumption we're not quite there 2286 01:38:11,120 --> 01:38:08,850 yet there's a lot we don't know and 2287 01:38:13,370 --> 01:38:11,130 that's I think probably why I'm into 2288 01:38:14,840 --> 01:38:13,380 science in the first place because every 2289 01:38:17,030 --> 01:38:14,850 time I wake up there's new things that I 2290 01:38:19,730 --> 01:38:17,040 don't understand out there and so Frank 2291 01:38:21,800 --> 01:38:19,740 I did want to ask mark a question that 2292 01:38:25,160 --> 01:38:21,810 is my understanding there are three main 2293 01:38:28,400 --> 01:38:25,170 types of models for science in please 2294 01:38:29,750 --> 01:38:28,410 correct me mark if I'm wrong that is are 2295 01:38:31,940 --> 01:38:29,760 their physical mathematical and 2296 01:38:33,950 --> 01:38:31,950 conceptual now let's just say that's 2297 01:38:35,960 --> 01:38:33,960 true if the three main types of models 2298 01:38:38,570 --> 01:38:35,970 being used in science or physical 2299 01:38:41,390 --> 01:38:38,580 mathematical and conceptual and now 2300 01:38:42,980 --> 01:38:41,400 let's just assume for a moment that it's 2301 01:38:46,820 --> 01:38:42,990 possible that if there are 2302 01:38:48,470 --> 01:38:46,830 extraterrestrials that they are eons 2303 01:38:51,770 --> 01:38:48,480 ahead of us millions of years ahead of 2304 01:38:54,920 --> 01:38:51,780 us would they still be using that kind 2305 01:38:58,070 --> 01:38:54,930 of possibly outdated scientific model or 2306 01:39:00,200 --> 01:38:58,080 models that were using now or not are 2307 01:39:03,170 --> 01:39:00,210 they using something else or they even 2308 01:39:06,950 --> 01:39:03,180 bothering the science at that point well 2309 01:39:08,720 --> 01:39:06,960 I think we need to know we we this is 2310 01:39:11,100 --> 01:39:08,730 like kind of putting the cart before the 2311 01:39:14,160 --> 01:39:11,110 horse in a way we have to understand 2312 01:39:15,690 --> 01:39:14,170 what the civilization is based on where 2313 01:39:17,370 --> 01:39:15,700 how did it come about you know we have 2314 01:39:18,750 --> 01:39:17,380 to know a lot about the civilization 2315 01:39:23,670 --> 01:39:18,760 before we can make that decision for 2316 01:39:28,920 --> 01:39:23,680 instance we can't impose our morality on 2317 01:39:30,930 --> 01:39:28,930 a visiting aliens race because we like 2318 01:39:32,820 --> 01:39:30,940 to we we are preservers of life in 2319 01:39:33,720 --> 01:39:32,830 general we like to preserve life we you 2320 01:39:35,520 --> 01:39:33,730 know if you see a little puppy on the 2321 01:39:37,460 --> 01:39:35,530 road about that you hit by a car you 2322 01:39:40,440 --> 01:39:37,470 will probably risk your life to save it 2323 01:39:42,990 --> 01:39:40,450 okay that's a decision you make because 2324 01:39:44,400 --> 01:39:43,000 you want to help protect life that seems 2325 01:39:46,860 --> 01:39:44,410 like it's less capable of protecting 2326 01:39:49,290 --> 01:39:46,870 itself okay 2327 01:39:52,440 --> 01:39:49,300 would an alien race necessarily feel 2328 01:39:56,130 --> 01:39:52,450 that way not necessarily it might not 2329 01:39:58,470 --> 01:39:56,140 even enter the mind of such a race of 2330 01:40:00,540 --> 01:39:58,480 beings and it's not because they're evil 2331 01:40:01,760 --> 01:40:00,550 and rotten but it's because that's how 2332 01:40:04,620 --> 01:40:01,770 they evolved 2333 01:40:07,050 --> 01:40:04,630 maybe that's the revolution you know 2334 01:40:10,020 --> 01:40:07,060 maybe they don't have the concepts of 2335 01:40:13,320 --> 01:40:10,030 like love maybe they don't mate maybe 2336 01:40:15,390 --> 01:40:13,330 they proceeded to maybe they're all 2337 01:40:17,850 --> 01:40:15,400 test-tube preachers who knows maybe 2338 01:40:20,310 --> 01:40:17,860 they're engineered maybe the aliens 2339 01:40:24,720 --> 01:40:20,320 visiting our planet now are biological 2340 01:40:27,510 --> 01:40:24,730 robots okay as a possibility and so you 2341 01:40:30,590 --> 01:40:27,520 know we can't impose any of our 2342 01:40:34,770 --> 01:40:30,600 scientific understandings constructs and 2343 01:40:37,050 --> 01:40:34,780 philosophies on an alien race because we 2344 01:40:38,580 --> 01:40:37,060 simply don't know how they think we can 2345 01:40:41,310 --> 01:40:38,590 always speculate like you say I mean and 2346 01:40:46,650 --> 01:40:41,320 that's always fun to do you know but we 2347 01:40:49,110 --> 01:40:46,660 can't really say so I I can't give an 2348 01:40:52,770 --> 01:40:49,120 answer because there's no way to 2349 01:40:54,840 --> 01:40:52,780 actually we can't impose our will or our 2350 01:40:57,180 --> 01:40:54,850 thought processes on an alien race that 2351 01:40:59,820 --> 01:40:57,190 we haven't even met yet well you would 2352 01:41:02,670 --> 01:40:59,830 talked earlier about various animals on 2353 01:41:05,460 --> 01:41:02,680 earth and how certain behaviors are 2354 01:41:07,890 --> 01:41:05,470 common and then the high-powered jets go 2355 01:41:09,840 --> 01:41:07,900 off and then they're gone so we do see a 2356 01:41:12,150 --> 01:41:09,850 little bit of that chase game in the UFO 2357 01:41:15,510 --> 01:41:12,160 behavior have you have you noticed that 2358 01:41:17,850 --> 01:41:15,520 sort of thing yourself mark yeah I mean 2359 01:41:19,830 --> 01:41:17,860 in the Nimitz encounter and you know the 2360 01:41:21,990 --> 01:41:19,840 whole 8a program and Alejandro's 2361 01:41:24,510 --> 01:41:22,000 excellent resource I'm talking about 2362 01:41:29,970 --> 01:41:24,520 these things as well 2363 01:41:32,160 --> 01:41:29,980 the you see what seems to be a chase 2364 01:41:35,670 --> 01:41:32,170 type mentality being undertaken by the 2365 01:41:38,130 --> 01:41:35,680 UFO in one case there was a female a 2366 01:41:41,340 --> 01:41:38,140 person who was flying one of the f-18 2367 01:41:43,830 --> 01:41:41,350 Hornets I think and she noticed the the 2368 01:41:45,630 --> 01:41:43,840 water churning down below and then this 2369 01:41:48,840 --> 01:41:45,640 thing shot away back to where they were 2370 01:41:51,030 --> 01:41:48,850 supposed to be earlier and or where they 2371 01:41:54,420 --> 01:41:51,040 were going to and it seemed like it was 2372 01:41:55,650 --> 01:41:54,430 playing kind of a game with them so and 2373 01:41:59,640 --> 01:41:55,660 I can have some of those facts wrong 2374 01:42:02,550 --> 01:41:59,650 because includes a lot of other cases 2375 01:42:05,430 --> 01:42:02,560 too sure so it's possible that that's 2376 01:42:07,710 --> 01:42:05,440 that's being done and yes ask okay 2377 01:42:09,360 --> 01:42:07,720 what's the reason well is it the same 2378 01:42:13,500 --> 01:42:09,370 reason we throw a dog a bone and say 2379 01:42:15,750 --> 01:42:13,510 fetch is that what's going on I mean are 2380 01:42:17,700 --> 01:42:15,760 we seen at that level I could tell you 2381 01:42:19,500 --> 01:42:17,710 this I'll say this right now when people 2382 01:42:21,170 --> 01:42:19,510 say that we're just ants to an alien 2383 01:42:24,330 --> 01:42:21,180 civilization I don't believe that I 2384 01:42:27,060 --> 01:42:24,340 don't believe that can an skill you know 2385 01:42:29,490 --> 01:42:27,070 okay if you step on an anthill are the 2386 01:42:32,130 --> 01:42:29,500 ants gonna reach out and and and shoot 2387 01:42:33,810 --> 01:42:32,140 you and hurt you with the possibility of 2388 01:42:37,440 --> 01:42:33,820 destroying your ship no not at all 2389 01:42:39,420 --> 01:42:37,450 however if you there's some ants in a 2390 01:42:43,110 --> 01:42:39,430 very dangerous okay but let's be clear 2391 01:42:44,700 --> 01:42:43,120 you can run away from them okay aliens 2392 01:42:46,740 --> 01:42:44,710 are gonna be uses of the the people of 2393 01:42:50,640 --> 01:42:46,750 the earth as something to be dealt with 2394 01:42:51,900 --> 01:42:50,650 in with caution all right and they're 2395 01:42:53,370 --> 01:42:51,910 gonna be very careful about it 2396 01:42:54,720 --> 01:42:53,380 if you were coming here you would not 2397 01:42:56,610 --> 01:42:54,730 put yourself down on the White House 2398 01:42:58,890 --> 01:42:56,620 lawn and say I am here you would 2399 01:43:01,740 --> 01:42:58,900 surreptitiously in you look at us and 2400 01:43:03,990 --> 01:43:01,750 try and size us up you would hide in the 2401 01:43:06,870 --> 01:43:04,000 oceans because we're not there we're not 2402 01:43:09,240 --> 01:43:06,880 down in the oceans alright if I ask you 2403 01:43:10,380 --> 01:43:09,250 right now how many submarines do we own 2404 01:43:14,040 --> 01:43:10,390 that are down in the Mariana Trench 2405 01:43:15,510 --> 01:43:14,050 absolutely none okay we have a few that 2406 01:43:19,110 --> 01:43:15,520 have gone down there for a brief period 2407 01:43:21,990 --> 01:43:19,120 of time right and Jim Cameron actually 2408 01:43:25,950 --> 01:43:22,000 brought one down there okay but the fact 2409 01:43:30,090 --> 01:43:25,960 is we're not there we don't exist down 2410 01:43:30,810 --> 01:43:30,100 there there's places on our world where 2411 01:43:33,120 --> 01:43:30,820 they hide 2412 01:43:35,160 --> 01:43:33,130 and if they can go interstellar and 2413 01:43:38,400 --> 01:43:35,170 worry about the vacuum of space well 2414 01:43:41,100 --> 01:43:38,410 then they could probably manage these 2415 01:43:42,590 --> 01:43:41,110 deep-ocean locations as well and go down 2416 01:43:46,590 --> 01:43:42,600 there through the medium of the water 2417 01:43:47,610 --> 01:43:46,600 and and hide from us that way so when 2418 01:43:49,770 --> 01:43:47,620 you look at the for instance the number 2419 01:43:51,600 --> 01:43:49,780 of USO reports around the world the 2420 01:43:52,920 --> 01:43:51,610 Russians had lots of them okay Americans 2421 01:43:53,870 --> 01:43:52,930 have lots of them there's programs in 2422 01:43:56,040 --> 01:43:53,880 place to study them 2423 01:43:57,960 --> 01:43:56,050 that's not for nothing that's because 2424 01:44:00,410 --> 01:43:57,970 they're happening okay 2425 01:44:02,870 --> 01:44:00,420 the Navy is just come out and said hey 2426 01:44:06,180 --> 01:44:02,880 UFOs are something we have to deal with 2427 01:44:09,030 --> 01:44:06,190 and we're gonna all the time but 2428 01:44:11,610 --> 01:44:09,040 frequently frequently enough that it 2429 01:44:13,380 --> 01:44:11,620 merits attention hey I think that's 2430 01:44:16,320 --> 01:44:13,390 great I want to see this happen unless 2431 01:44:19,470 --> 01:44:16,330 he disclosure but you know I think that 2432 01:44:21,060 --> 01:44:19,480 our planet is only so big and any 2433 01:44:22,590 --> 01:44:21,070 visiting species would have seen the 2434 01:44:24,990 --> 01:44:22,600 oxygen in our atmosphere and said hey 2435 01:44:26,310 --> 01:44:25,000 there's life there because otherwise the 2436 01:44:28,860 --> 01:44:26,320 oxygen wouldn't be in the air is being 2437 01:44:32,760 --> 01:44:28,870 replenished by something you know and 2438 01:44:36,000 --> 01:44:32,770 that something is life okay I have one 2439 01:44:38,310 --> 01:44:36,010 last question that's it you sure but 2440 01:44:41,130 --> 01:44:38,320 mine mines a very different kind of 2441 01:44:43,830 --> 01:44:41,140 question mark it's very it's kind of 2442 01:44:47,670 --> 01:44:43,840 self-defeat this way okay so my question 2443 01:44:51,960 --> 01:44:47,680 is this okay let me preface it with a 2444 01:44:55,110 --> 01:44:51,970 few things first Ray Bradbury who is an 2445 01:44:56,760 --> 01:44:55,120 American author and screenwriter and he 2446 01:44:58,230 --> 01:44:56,770 wrote I know you know these authors have 2447 01:45:00,420 --> 01:44:58,240 been about to say very well 2448 01:45:03,630 --> 01:45:00,430 he wrote a fantasy science fiction 2449 01:45:06,180 --> 01:45:03,640 horror in mystery mystery fiction okay 2450 01:45:08,670 --> 01:45:06,190 now he didn't really have to prove the 2451 01:45:10,830 --> 01:45:08,680 atmospheres of the books or stories that 2452 01:45:13,410 --> 01:45:10,840 he was writing he was just more 2453 01:45:15,810 --> 01:45:13,420 interested in bringing fantasy into the 2454 01:45:18,060 --> 01:45:15,820 world of people so they could just think 2455 01:45:19,980 --> 01:45:18,070 about it he who's a very creative writer 2456 01:45:23,250 --> 01:45:19,990 that was sort of his his edge that was 2457 01:45:26,640 --> 01:45:23,260 it was no for now moving on Isaac Asimov 2458 01:45:28,530 --> 01:45:26,650 who wrote hard science fiction known as 2459 01:45:30,600 --> 01:45:28,540 a category of science fiction and it's 2460 01:45:33,360 --> 01:45:30,610 characterized by concern for scientific 2461 01:45:37,950 --> 01:45:33,370 accuracy and logic a one other 2462 01:45:40,890 --> 01:45:37,960 individual side from I'm sorry Isaac 2463 01:45:42,780 --> 01:45:40,900 Asimov was arthur c clarke who was also 2464 01:45:46,260 --> 01:45:42,790 one of the most significant writers of 2465 01:45:47,910 --> 01:45:46,270 hard science fiction all 3-peat iconic 2466 01:45:49,550 --> 01:45:47,920 folks we already know who they are 2467 01:45:52,070 --> 01:45:49,560 now if you 2468 01:45:55,160 --> 01:45:52,080 if you were to be a science fiction 2469 01:45:57,860 --> 01:45:55,170 writer would you be writing in a natural 2470 01:46:00,560 --> 01:45:57,870 creative manner in a to ative way like 2471 01:46:02,540 --> 01:46:00,570 Ray Bradbury did where he just put pen 2472 01:46:05,660 --> 01:46:02,550 in the paper and started writing or 2473 01:46:07,520 --> 01:46:05,670 would you be like Isaac Asimov or arthur 2474 01:46:09,950 --> 01:46:07,530 c clarke or many of the other hard 2475 01:46:12,200 --> 01:46:09,960 science fiction writers who were had a 2476 01:46:13,820 --> 01:46:12,210 great concern for proving the 2477 01:46:16,970 --> 01:46:13,830 atmospheres regarding what they're 2478 01:46:19,130 --> 01:46:16,980 talking about and writing them extremely 2479 01:46:22,100 --> 01:46:19,140 very strict and conservative 2480 01:46:24,340 --> 01:46:22,110 scientifically which type of genre would 2481 01:46:25,940 --> 01:46:24,350 you or category of science which you 2482 01:46:28,010 --> 01:46:25,950 science fiction 2483 01:46:30,440 --> 01:46:28,020 would you write that's a very easy 2484 01:46:34,730 --> 01:46:30,450 answer and it's because you know who my 2485 01:46:36,350 --> 01:46:34,740 friends are now i thught rumbles one of 2486 01:46:38,600 --> 01:46:36,360 my good friends and doug is one of those 2487 01:46:41,180 --> 01:46:38,610 people that is a hard science fiction 2488 01:46:43,490 --> 01:46:41,190 guy he wouldn't do anything that wasn't 2489 01:46:46,160 --> 01:46:43,500 actually plausible and that's what I 2490 01:46:47,780 --> 01:46:46,170 always was drawn to so I've written 2491 01:46:50,360 --> 01:46:47,790 science fiction I've written many 2492 01:46:53,480 --> 01:46:50,370 science fiction short stories okay but 2493 01:46:55,340 --> 01:46:53,490 the fact is they were all did they all 2494 01:46:57,350 --> 01:46:55,350 dealt with hard science and if I didn't 2495 01:46:59,150 --> 01:46:57,360 know the science I wouldn't write it I 2496 01:47:01,430 --> 01:46:59,160 wouldn't speculate too far beyond 2497 01:47:04,850 --> 01:47:01,440 capability so for instance I had one 2498 01:47:05,930 --> 01:47:04,860 story about a lone asteroid miner that 2499 01:47:07,430 --> 01:47:05,940 would be out there in the middle of the 2500 01:47:09,320 --> 01:47:07,440 solar system mining asteroids and he had 2501 01:47:11,600 --> 01:47:09,330 a robotic helper now we didn't have any 2502 01:47:13,340 --> 01:47:11,610 robots they're humanoid and can walk 2503 01:47:15,050 --> 01:47:13,350 around and do stuff a bit so I went I 2504 01:47:17,840 --> 01:47:15,060 speculated that much ahead that's all I 2505 01:47:20,180 --> 01:47:17,850 did you know he could go outside and not 2506 01:47:22,220 --> 01:47:20,190 worry about the atmosphere blown apart 2507 01:47:26,000 --> 01:47:22,230 and boiling his blood because he didn't 2508 01:47:27,440 --> 01:47:26,010 have any okay so I had this asteroid we 2509 01:47:29,300 --> 01:47:27,450 call I called him a belter and he'd be 2510 01:47:30,590 --> 01:47:29,310 out there mining asteroids he had these 2511 01:47:33,500 --> 01:47:30,600 little adventures you know he'd come to 2512 01:47:36,110 --> 01:47:33,510 the asteroid Ceres you know which was a 2513 01:47:38,690 --> 01:47:36,120 dwarf planet actually and he'd bring his 2514 01:47:40,820 --> 01:47:38,700 load over there and you know get into 2515 01:47:41,330 --> 01:47:40,830 arguments and controversies that's all 2516 01:47:44,810 --> 01:47:41,340 whoa 2517 01:47:46,730 --> 01:47:44,820 okay so for me I would be one of these 2518 01:47:49,160 --> 01:47:46,740 guys that would want to see it plausible 2519 01:47:51,490 --> 01:47:49,170 I might speculate a little bit but I 2520 01:47:56,510 --> 01:47:51,500 would try to make the overall premise a 2521 01:47:59,300 --> 01:47:56,520 plausible premise so the technology of 2522 01:48:02,080 --> 01:47:59,310 the ship would be plausible the the 2523 01:48:07,480 --> 01:48:02,090 mission would be something plausible 2524 01:48:11,560 --> 01:48:07,490 so it would probably be that III 2525 01:48:15,280 --> 01:48:11,570 I bristle at not being able to put some 2526 01:48:17,380 --> 01:48:15,290 type of meat behind a process that I 2527 01:48:19,300 --> 01:48:17,390 might suggest could exist you know I 2528 01:48:21,820 --> 01:48:19,310 might I don't want to have some science 2529 01:48:24,520 --> 01:48:21,830 behind it you know and that's why 2530 01:48:28,180 --> 01:48:24,530 nowadays if I were to write more short 2531 01:48:30,220 --> 01:48:28,190 stories I might include UFOs that are 2532 01:48:33,460 --> 01:48:30,230 actually doing the things that we see 2533 01:48:36,310 --> 01:48:33,470 UFOs doing because there's scientific 2534 01:48:39,310 --> 01:48:36,320 basis now for how they behave again 2535 01:48:42,610 --> 01:48:39,320 going back to my friend Rob Bob Bob 2536 01:48:44,830 --> 01:48:42,620 Schroeder if you look at his book you'll 2537 01:48:46,720 --> 01:48:44,840 see every one of the things that UFOs 2538 01:48:48,940 --> 01:48:46,730 seem to do they seem to disappear in one 2539 01:48:51,390 --> 01:48:48,950 place appear in another the shimmer and 2540 01:48:54,910 --> 01:48:51,400 disappear they changed colors all those 2541 01:48:58,120 --> 01:48:54,920 processes are understandable in terms of 2542 01:48:59,680 --> 01:48:58,130 the the propulsion that they use if you 2543 01:49:02,320 --> 01:48:59,690 look at what's happening while the 2544 01:49:05,200 --> 01:49:02,330 propulsion is underway every one of 2545 01:49:07,900 --> 01:49:05,210 those phenomena is predictable and 2546 01:49:11,470 --> 01:49:07,910 that's something that makes it realistic 2547 01:49:12,940 --> 01:49:11,480 and plausible see so it's not like you 2548 01:49:15,520 --> 01:49:12,950 know and as we learn more science we're 2549 01:49:17,860 --> 01:49:15,530 gonna see this more and more so I really 2550 01:49:20,290 --> 01:49:17,870 think that the I really think that a 2551 01:49:23,650 --> 01:49:20,300 hard science fiction is my bag 2552 01:49:24,910 --> 01:49:23,660 and moving forward I suspect that UFOs 2553 01:49:28,870 --> 01:49:24,920 are gonna move more into the hard 2554 01:49:31,060 --> 01:49:28,880 science fiction arena fantastic mark I 2555 01:49:33,430 --> 01:49:31,070 wanted to thank you for having been on 2556 01:49:35,950 --> 01:49:33,440 our show today I'm gonna drop a few 2557 01:49:37,870 --> 01:49:35,960 links into the chat before Frank ends 2558 01:49:39,640 --> 01:49:37,880 the show show it so Frank give me just a 2559 01:49:42,940 --> 01:49:39,650 little bit of leeway time to do that and 2560 01:49:45,190 --> 01:49:42,950 those links are the YouTube channel to 2561 01:49:47,860 --> 01:49:45,200 your podcasts the Facebook groups that 2562 01:49:52,300 --> 01:49:47,870 you have there's also an astro imaging 2563 01:49:56,470 --> 01:49:52,310 live.com FX models.com and another 2564 01:49:58,870 --> 01:49:56,480 Facebook group or FX model of planetary 2565 01:50:01,930 --> 01:49:58,880 I can't read that but I wanted to drop 2566 01:50:04,600 --> 01:50:01,940 planetary replicas yeah division yes and 2567 01:50:07,000 --> 01:50:04,610 kgr radio.com sky tour so I want to make 2568 01:50:07,750 --> 01:50:07,010 sure that I input all of that before the 2569 01:50:09,880 --> 01:50:07,760 end of the show 2570 01:50:11,700 --> 01:50:09,890 and also could you just let us know a 2571 01:50:14,320 --> 01:50:11,710 little bit about the book that she wrote 2572 01:50:15,310 --> 01:50:14,330 yeah the populated universe isn't that 2573 01:50:16,540 --> 01:50:15,320 any editing right now 2574 01:50:19,510 --> 01:50:16,550 actually I just was looking at the 2575 01:50:22,000 --> 01:50:19,520 manuscript again today it's a story that 2576 01:50:23,770 --> 01:50:22,010 it's a nonfiction of course and it's 2577 01:50:26,410 --> 01:50:23,780 about exoplanets planets around other 2578 01:50:30,490 --> 01:50:26,420 stars and it talks about the prospects 2579 01:50:31,959 --> 01:50:30,500 of extraterrestrial life as we know the 2580 01:50:35,830 --> 01:50:31,969 possibilities through the study of 2581 01:50:39,459 --> 01:50:35,840 exoplanets it dares to speculate about 2582 01:50:42,310 --> 01:50:39,469 the possibility of life-forms that are 2583 01:50:43,990 --> 01:50:42,320 somewhat like us but it also discusses 2584 01:50:46,240 --> 01:50:44,000 the reasons why they may not look like 2585 01:50:47,979 --> 01:50:46,250 us you know through all the extinction 2586 01:50:50,010 --> 01:50:47,989 events here on earth we came out a very 2587 01:50:53,859 --> 01:50:50,020 circuitous path to become what we are 2588 01:50:56,740 --> 01:50:53,869 now I we traveled that path through 2589 01:50:59,319 --> 01:50:56,750 evolution and other civilizations will 2590 01:51:01,839 --> 01:50:59,329 do the same now when people say in fact 2591 01:51:04,450 --> 01:51:01,849 I'll tell you this when people said in 2592 01:51:07,060 --> 01:51:04,460 the past ok Paul it's a reptilian 2593 01:51:08,530 --> 01:51:07,070 species that we saw I should just 2594 01:51:11,890 --> 01:51:08,540 dismiss them out of hand oh yeah right 2595 01:51:14,649 --> 01:51:11,900 ok what's his reptilian stuff well then 2596 01:51:16,629 --> 01:51:14,659 again when I looked at the extinction 2597 01:51:19,600 --> 01:51:16,639 events here on the planet I noticed that 2598 01:51:22,180 --> 01:51:19,610 had the Chicxulub impact the one that 2599 01:51:24,189 --> 01:51:22,190 killed the dinosaur has not occurred you 2600 01:51:25,660 --> 01:51:24,199 know my thought was well there was any 2601 01:51:29,379 --> 01:51:25,670 dinosaurs that were getting smarter at 2602 01:51:31,149 --> 01:51:29,389 the time and in fact there were there 2603 01:51:33,459 --> 01:51:31,159 was one group of theropods meat-eaters 2604 01:51:34,959 --> 01:51:33,469 that were actually growing in cranial 2605 01:51:36,819 --> 01:51:34,969 capacity does that mean they were gonna 2606 01:51:38,830 --> 01:51:36,829 reach intelligence no not necessarily 2607 01:51:41,169 --> 01:51:38,840 you know intelligence isn't a 2608 01:51:43,330 --> 01:51:41,179 destination it's a possibility just one 2609 01:51:44,500 --> 01:51:43,340 potential path you know it's not a 2610 01:51:47,560 --> 01:51:44,510 foregone conclusion 2611 01:51:49,930 --> 01:51:47,570 however there were dinosaurs that were 2612 01:51:52,709 --> 01:51:49,940 getting smarter at the time if and when 2613 01:51:54,970 --> 01:51:52,719 they were they were thrown out into the 2614 01:51:59,589 --> 01:51:54,980 into the abyss of the universe you know 2615 01:52:03,819 --> 01:51:59,599 basically so I think that there there's 2616 01:52:07,000 --> 01:52:03,829 a strong possibility that life elsewhere 2617 01:52:09,129 --> 01:52:07,010 may take many different forms but it 2618 01:52:11,589 --> 01:52:09,139 will all be based probably and this is 2619 01:52:14,439 --> 01:52:11,599 again I might be a carbon bigot or a 2620 01:52:18,040 --> 01:52:14,449 carbon chauvinist but I think that 2621 01:52:20,800 --> 01:52:18,050 carbon will probably be the base for a 2622 01:52:22,180 --> 01:52:20,810 lot of life out there you know and the 2623 01:52:24,280 --> 01:52:22,190 human race for instance is we knew our 2624 01:52:25,780 --> 01:52:24,290 DNA you know it's based on you know 2625 01:52:29,080 --> 01:52:25,790 carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen 2626 01:52:32,979 --> 01:52:29,090 phosphorus and sulfur that's chomps 2627 01:52:36,189 --> 01:52:32,989 okay and chomps is a well-known acronym 2628 01:52:38,050 --> 01:52:36,199 for that and there might be other life 2629 01:52:41,109 --> 01:52:38,060 forms out there like that because that 2630 01:52:45,399 --> 01:52:41,119 is a pattern a template that's produced 2631 01:52:47,040 --> 01:52:45,409 by the universe so one one thing I 2632 01:52:52,600 --> 01:52:47,050 wanted to mention to you is that 2633 01:52:55,149 --> 01:52:52,610 Alejandro wanted you to say he said he's 2634 01:52:58,890 --> 01:52:55,159 a buck-toothed guy with a gold tooth and 2635 01:53:02,580 --> 01:52:58,900 a lazy eye and when I did the Phoenix 2636 01:53:05,169 --> 01:53:02,590 and did the Phoenix MUFON meeting and 2637 01:53:08,379 --> 01:53:05,179 before I was introduced the state 2638 01:53:10,870 --> 01:53:08,389 director for Arizona's Phoenix group big 2639 01:53:13,260 --> 01:53:10,880 group was making announcements I mean 2640 01:53:17,890 --> 01:53:13,270 while does this janitorial guy walks in 2641 01:53:19,540 --> 01:53:17,900 with big ugly teeth a gold tooth and a 2642 01:53:21,760 --> 01:53:19,550 lazy eye and starts a feather dusting 2643 01:53:23,379 --> 01:53:21,770 like pictures in the wall walks up to 2644 01:53:26,200 --> 01:53:23,389 the microphone feather-duster microphone 2645 01:53:27,520 --> 01:53:26,210 boom you know and then hears that the 2646 01:53:38,140 --> 01:53:27,530 UFO thing and he takes the microphone 2647 01:53:40,390 --> 01:53:38,150 out of the state directors hands oh oh 2648 01:53:42,339 --> 01:53:40,400 yeah they're getting some belligerent 2649 01:53:44,439 --> 01:53:42,349 responses which is exactly what I was 2650 01:53:45,850 --> 01:53:44,449 looking for and of course he's wearing a 2651 01:53:47,140 --> 01:53:45,860 really ugly shirt you know it just 2652 01:53:48,760 --> 01:53:47,150 doesn't match nothing matches he's 2653 01:53:49,839 --> 01:53:48,770 wearing shorts with two different 2654 01:53:54,310 --> 01:53:49,849 colored socks on 2655 01:53:55,660 --> 01:53:54,320 I mean Clem is a character and so now 2656 01:53:57,850 --> 01:53:55,670 Hondros smiling right now he's hearing 2657 01:54:02,620 --> 01:53:57,860 that I know he is cuz he was there okay 2658 01:54:04,990 --> 01:54:02,630 he saw this and then Jim the guy that 2659 01:54:07,780 --> 01:54:05,000 was the state director he is still he 2660 01:54:09,280 --> 01:54:07,790 was trying to say more announcements and 2661 01:54:11,770 --> 01:54:09,290 Clem just took that microphone and when 2662 01:54:13,689 --> 01:54:11,780 I talked about his UFO event you know he 2663 01:54:16,330 --> 01:54:13,699 came down out of the sky they killed my 2664 01:54:20,140 --> 01:54:16,340 mouth my dog Petey in the driveway they 2665 01:54:22,209 --> 01:54:20,150 slammed about like BAM and somebody do 2666 01:54:23,680 --> 01:54:22,219 that to my wife Eunice you know and all 2667 01:54:28,000 --> 01:54:23,690 those things and of course people like 2668 01:54:30,580 --> 01:54:28,010 starting the boo and yell it was real 2669 01:54:35,470 --> 01:54:30,590 okay now we did it for a reason though 2670 01:54:38,229 --> 01:54:35,480 see Clem was the typical typical you 2671 01:54:41,379 --> 01:54:38,239 know redneck guy that you know has an 2672 01:54:42,880 --> 01:54:41,389 experience and he talked about how the 2673 01:54:45,700 --> 01:54:42,890 media gave him this 2674 01:54:47,350 --> 01:54:45,710 special hat they said he should wear ok 2675 01:54:49,690 --> 01:54:47,360 well the game of this really cool hat 2676 01:54:51,640 --> 01:54:49,700 made of this like tinfoil II stuff he 2677 01:54:55,750 --> 01:54:51,650 said I wear this every time I talk about 2678 01:54:58,840 --> 01:54:55,760 UFO ease ok and he puts it on all right 2679 01:55:01,390 --> 01:54:58,850 and the point of them well this was you 2680 01:55:06,340 --> 01:55:01,400 know that the media paints everyone who 2681 01:55:07,900 --> 01:55:06,350 reports UFOs as clem okay and that was 2682 01:55:09,040 --> 01:55:07,910 the point of that and and that came 2683 01:55:11,230 --> 01:55:09,050 across loud and clear 2684 01:55:14,020 --> 01:55:11,240 because when GM introduced Mark Dantonio 2685 01:55:20,260 --> 01:55:14,030 as doing the talk I took off the glasses 2686 01:55:24,220 --> 01:55:20,270 took out the teeth everything and took 2687 01:55:25,450 --> 01:55:24,230 off the shirt show my through ok and the 2688 01:55:26,710 --> 01:55:25,460 guys in the audience the people in the 2689 01:55:28,180 --> 01:55:26,720 audience that were like yelling at me 2690 01:55:30,610 --> 01:55:28,190 start shrinking in their chairs you know 2691 01:55:31,900 --> 01:55:30,620 get really small you know be I don't 2692 01:55:34,390 --> 01:55:31,910 wanna be noticed I don't want to know 2693 01:55:36,670 --> 01:55:34,400 with me oh ok which is fine I I 2694 01:55:38,590 --> 01:55:36,680 appreciate I respected that opinion but 2695 01:55:41,410 --> 01:55:38,600 the whole point of that the whole point 2696 01:55:43,080 --> 01:55:41,420 of Clem was to show and I still use Clem 2697 01:55:46,350 --> 01:55:43,090 to this day for a lot of these reasons 2698 01:55:49,540 --> 01:55:46,360 the whole point was to show people that 2699 01:55:51,490 --> 01:55:49,550 you know when you mention the UFO event 2700 01:55:53,260 --> 01:55:51,500 you're you expect to be treated by 2701 01:55:54,910 --> 01:55:53,270 enough and as Anna and they will treat 2702 01:55:57,010 --> 01:55:54,920 you that way the media is not your 2703 01:55:58,780 --> 01:55:57,020 friend when it comes to this you know 2704 01:56:05,440 --> 01:55:58,790 there's always smiles and anchors faces 2705 01:56:07,620 --> 01:56:05,450 well what about that story just watch 2706 01:56:10,840 --> 01:56:07,630 out for aliens folks you know they are 2707 01:56:12,400 --> 01:56:10,850 so the point of my talk was we have to 2708 01:56:13,870 --> 01:56:12,410 change the media message we have to 2709 01:56:16,360 --> 01:56:13,880 change that the way the media perceives 2710 01:56:18,280 --> 01:56:16,370 people who report these and how you do 2711 01:56:20,470 --> 01:56:18,290 it you do it with science which is what 2712 01:56:23,410 --> 01:56:20,480 my talk was about they don't understand 2713 01:56:25,330 --> 01:56:23,420 science the media can't comprehend the 2714 01:56:27,870 --> 01:56:25,340 realities of science until you tell them 2715 01:56:30,520 --> 01:56:27,880 that science says it's possible and 2716 01:56:30,700 --> 01:56:30,530 bottom line it's where they'd argue you 2717 01:56:32,800 --> 01:56:30,710 know 2718 01:56:37,060 --> 01:56:32,810 let me see their science degrees now 2719 01:56:39,370 --> 01:56:37,070 I'll let them argue with me ok right I 2720 01:56:41,050 --> 01:56:39,380 mean that's what you do frankly and so 2721 01:56:43,210 --> 01:56:41,060 that was the point of that and it was 2722 01:56:44,710 --> 01:56:43,220 over kind of well I kind of liked it cuz 2723 01:56:46,990 --> 01:56:44,720 your clem got to walk around for about 2724 01:56:49,120 --> 01:56:47,000 20 minutes dusting all kinds of things 2725 01:56:51,220 --> 01:56:49,130 including like I think the shoes and one 2726 01:56:55,300 --> 01:56:51,230 guy in the front row you know it was 2727 01:56:56,509 --> 01:56:55,310 just funny as heck so anyway that's what 2728 01:57:00,140 --> 01:56:56,519 that's what that was about 2729 01:57:02,569 --> 01:57:00,150 well I would like to thank you for all 2730 01:57:05,989 --> 01:57:02,579 of your effort in the UFO community and 2731 01:57:08,149 --> 01:57:05,999 you do remind me of J Allen Hynek so I'm 2732 01:57:11,989 --> 01:57:08,159 gonna call you the J Allen Hynek of 2733 01:57:15,169 --> 01:57:11,999 ufology and I'm just so grateful that 2734 01:57:18,620 --> 01:57:15,179 you came on at the show today it was 2735 01:57:20,060 --> 01:57:18,630 great and we love to have you back on 2736 01:57:22,939 --> 01:57:20,070 again will you please come back on our 2737 01:57:27,100 --> 01:57:22,949 show I'd be happy to there's always 2738 01:57:29,419 --> 01:57:27,110 something different to talk about okay 2739 01:57:31,759 --> 01:57:29,429 Thank You audience you guys are great 2740 01:57:36,529 --> 01:57:31,769 beloved questions we need to tell 2741 01:57:38,810 --> 01:57:36,539 everybody to watch your kgr radio sky 2742 01:57:43,790 --> 01:57:38,820 tour show so can you please let them 2743 01:57:47,029 --> 01:57:43,800 know yeah on K GRA radio.com 2744 01:57:52,069 --> 01:57:47,039 Sunday nights eight to ten you can check 2745 01:57:53,839 --> 01:57:52,079 in to sky ture radio and my host my 2746 01:57:55,580 --> 01:57:53,849 co-host Amanda and I will take you 2747 01:57:58,189 --> 01:57:55,590 through a journey of astronomy and we 2748 01:58:00,020 --> 01:57:58,199 will talk about UFOs and other things 2749 01:58:03,560 --> 01:58:00,030 that occur in the astronomical community 2750 01:58:04,910 --> 01:58:03,570 and we do this kind of with a little 2751 01:58:08,169 --> 01:58:04,920 sense of humor I guess you can figure 2752 01:58:10,399 --> 01:58:08,179 out I'm kind of a funny guy 2753 01:58:12,200 --> 01:58:10,409 for everybody and I believe this science 2754 01:58:16,160 --> 01:58:12,210 is reachable by everybody and it's 2755 01:58:17,600 --> 01:58:16,170 important to make sure that it's stated 2756 01:58:19,819 --> 01:58:17,610 in a way that people can understand 2757 01:58:21,589 --> 01:58:19,829 because too many times science gets so 2758 01:58:23,209 --> 01:58:21,599 arrogant that they they speak in these 2759 01:58:25,700 --> 01:58:23,219 highfalutin terms and nobody can 2760 01:58:27,439 --> 01:58:25,710 understand well I don't believe that's 2761 01:58:29,029 --> 01:58:27,449 the way it ought to be okay I don't 2762 01:58:30,500 --> 01:58:29,039 appreciate it and I don't want anyone 2763 01:58:33,259 --> 01:58:30,510 else to have to sit there wondering what 2764 01:58:37,069 --> 01:58:33,269 someone is saying so its guide to a 2765 01:58:39,140 --> 01:58:37,079 radio on kgr a radio calm Sunday nights 2766 01:58:40,520 --> 01:58:39,150 eight to ten skites or a live stream is 2767 01:58:43,339 --> 01:58:40,530 every clear night now as we speak 2768 01:58:45,890 --> 01:58:43,349 the observatory here at Sky tour live 2769 01:58:47,870 --> 01:58:45,900 stream is up and running and it's a 2770 01:58:51,229 --> 01:58:47,880 clear night and the telescope is pointed 2771 01:58:53,149 --> 01:58:51,239 at the sky and it's midnight right now 2772 01:58:55,459 --> 01:58:53,159 so I'm not sure how long will stream if 2773 01:58:57,830 --> 01:58:55,469 we stream it all tonight but I am gonna 2774 01:58:59,870 --> 01:58:57,840 go check the conditions and see and if 2775 01:59:06,919 --> 01:58:59,880 the conditions are still good we will 2776 01:59:09,359 --> 01:59:06,929 have a stream tonight absolute I 2777 01:59:13,770 --> 01:59:09,369 appreciate it thank you for the 2778 01:59:15,209 --> 01:59:13,780 time I I i respect respect you chant for 2779 01:59:22,739 --> 01:59:15,219 putting up with Frank from apparently 2780 01:59:24,569 --> 01:59:22,749 here you can come back but I want to 2781 01:59:26,909 --> 01:59:24,579 also make sure that that you get 2782 01:59:32,250 --> 01:59:26,919 celebrated as someone in you apology 2783 01:59:34,049 --> 01:59:32,260 who's also reaching for answers channel 2784 01:59:34,319 --> 01:59:34,059 thank you for having me on I appreciate 2785 01:59:37,080 --> 01:59:34,329 it 2786 01:59:39,000 --> 01:59:37,090 thanks a lot market maybe we can trade 2787 01:59:43,709 --> 01:59:39,010 co-hosts one night and see how you like 2788 01:59:46,139 --> 01:59:43,719 it on your end they're dealing Tony not 2789 01:59:47,790 --> 01:59:46,149 a bad idea you know I don't think Amanda 2790 01:59:49,469 --> 01:59:47,800 would have a problem and you bring 2791 01:59:50,850 --> 01:59:49,479 Amanda on and she will be I think 2792 01:59:53,459 --> 01:59:50,860 they'll be really fun to have her on 2793 01:59:58,799 --> 01:59:53,469 yeah you have to throw in a draft pick 2794 02:00:01,169 --> 01:59:58,809 though Amanda and a draft pick for chant 2795 02:00:06,479 --> 02:00:01,179 for one night I'll make that deal right 2796 02:00:10,199 --> 02:00:06,489 now yeah yeah okay well well break and 2797 02:00:11,669 --> 02:00:10,209 think about know what do you guys in the 2798 02:00:15,959 --> 02:00:11,679 chat think I mean if you think that's a 2799 02:00:16,619 --> 02:00:15,969 possibility then okay we'll go there you 2800 02:00:18,239 --> 02:00:16,629 guys are 2801 02:00:19,949 --> 02:00:18,249 yeah you have a great audience to chant 2802 02:00:21,089 --> 02:00:19,959 you know it's very active it got a lot 2803 02:00:22,859 --> 02:00:21,099 of questions you know they're good 2804 02:00:25,080 --> 02:00:22,869 people here so you're building a good 2805 02:00:28,469 --> 02:00:25,090 following and I'm really happy about it 2806 02:00:30,629 --> 02:00:28,479 that you have this forum and yes and 2807 02:00:32,729 --> 02:00:30,639 that folks at home watch those 2808 02:00:35,369 --> 02:00:32,739 commercials all the way through there's 2809 02:00:38,189 --> 02:00:35,379 a new Rambo movie coming out watch that 2810 02:00:39,989 --> 02:00:38,199 full two-minute commercial for the Rambo 2811 02:00:45,299 --> 02:00:39,999 movie show me the money 2812 02:00:47,279 --> 02:00:45,309 and good night everybody fantastic